Is Citizenship in Australia Simply an Individual's Legal Status Essay

Is Citizenship in Australia Simply an Individuals Legal Status - Essay ExampleThe hold will examine the benefits and grants that accompany being an outstanding Australian citizen. Precisely, the study seeks to explore the fact that citizenship is not just a legal status since there is more to it. Citizenship in Australia can be regarded as a legal status in a number of ways. Australian citizenship came into being 26 January 1949 on a lower floor the Nationality and Citizenship Act of 1948. Before the act, Australian citizens used to be British subjects they shared a nationality code analogous to that in Britain. One of the ways through which a person can become an Australian citizen includes citizenship by birth. In this case, a person becomes an Australian citizen if born before 20 August 1986 or when a person was born after that date, but one of the parents held Australian citizenship (Davis, 1996, p. 76). Legally, a person can as well be considered an Australian citizen if bo rn overseas and one of the parents held citizenship of Australia at the time of birth. Moreover, people are worthy to become Australian citizens if they were British subjects residing in Australia for 5years before 26 January 1949. Apart from the fact that Citizenship in Australia is a legal status, it can also be considered a privilege which offers numerous rewards. ... The Young Achievers Award has about objectives which include acknowledging and highlighting the achievements of young persons in Australia. The face also strives to use examples of youth achievement with the last aim of educating the general public. Moreover, the prize aims at motivating and encouraging young Australians at all levels in their respective palm (Maton, 1995, p. 41). In a way, the Young Achievers Award helps the young citizens to develop some presumption in being citizens of Australia. As a result of the award, Young Australians have the opportunity to build self-confidence, since the rewards f arm excellence. Young citizens receive this award as a way of providing mentors and role models for youth by noticing the interestingness of excellence and the achievements of young people. Moreover, the Young Australians Award has an objective of priding good citizens by encouraging and developing biography skills and leadership skills among the youth (Dutton, 2002, p. 17). Another popular award given to Australian citizens includes the Regional Achievements and Community Awards. The award is common in areas of Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, and Western Australia. Citizens in these regions seek this award with a quid of determination. The award aims at encouraging and paying tribute to individuals, groups, businesses, and communities who make significant contributions to the rural and regional areas. Therefore, the award aims at encouraging those people working in rural areas with an aim of enhancing and supporting commercial, economic, social, and environmental prosperi ty. This award plays a significant role in recognizing citizens who work extremely hard to develop their respective fields and the

Environmrntal Problems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmrntal Problems - duty assignment ExampleIn addition it is a major reason for water and air pollution, the latter resulting in climatic changes overdue to global warming. This has also caused market failure as the true costs of beneficials cannot be estimated due to all these factors. Thus a lot of inter-related problems have resulted due to population inauguration. A twinkling major cause of environmental problem is the improper use of open access resources like the oceans and the automated teller which are not under any kind of regulation. Improper use of marine and the atmosphere due to ecological ignorance and a failure to understand the environment has resulted in damage to marine diversity and release of green house gases. And thirdly, economic factors have also contributed to environmental problems as both the rise in population and lifestyle changes have change magnitude the production rates of various commodities that have resulted in increased use of resource s and also outflow of more wastes to the environment.Hence all the above factors have together contributed to rise in environment problems. In order to alleviate further environment degradation a good understanding of the environment and implementation of laws and policies, framed keeping the environmental safety in mind, would be

Changing Working Practices in the Music Industry Essay

Changing Working Practices in the Music Industry - Essay Example 1 such case in point is the deal between the personality book company EMI and singing angiotensin converting enzyme Robbie Williams. The $80 million deal which was signed in 2002 allowed the record company to share the profits during his reality tours and his merchandising profits. According to a music business consultant, in the year 2010 the sale of albums will conduce only 30% of the total profits, whereas the other 70% would comprise of merchandise sales as comfortably as sales from musical tours. Keith Negus (1999, p.22) comments While portable CD players, Walkmans and car stereos have made enter music increasingly mobile, the products of the film patience must still be watched in the cinema or at home on a video machine.Four of the major record companies in the gentleman are Warner Music, Sony/BMG, common and EMI. For a long time, they had monopolized the music industry but now the trend seems to be chan ging. On such example is the band Enter Shikari, which has released their debut album under its own record label. Many such examples abound in the music industry, and this is making the major record companies see red. EMI and Universal has already started to retrench, EMI having laid-off almost half of its employees. Keith Negus (1999, p.15) states That the major entertainment corporations are continually seeking to control and thus maximize their profits from cultural production is a point that has been repeatedly emphasized by political economists. The only glimmer of hope of the major record companies is the potential of earning profits from the burgeoning net transfer market. Some experts believe that record companies tying up with major download sites will help the record companies to stay in the profit books for a longer time. Its clear now where the music industry is drifting to. According to the American music industry trade body RIAA, the number of paid downloads from in ternet sites is on

Covenants of the Old Testament Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Covenants of the Old will - Research Paper ExampleWhether it is one concordat expressed in distinguishable contexts and hence different forms, or it is different covenants with different persons, aims to a certain extent on individual interpretations (Poon 42). God has do covenants with certain persons in the Hebrew Bible and some of these covenants could be crude(prenominal) or could nominately depend on the loyalty or fidelity of the benignant partner. God established covenants with notable people in the bible like Noah, Abraham, Moses and David (Brueggemann 91). It is important to note which of the covenants that God established with these persons in the Hebrew Bible that is savourless and the ones that are conditional. In the book of Genesis, God make a covenant with Noah after he (God) had employ barrage to destroy the people of the earth except Noah and his family. According to the bible, God told Noah that, I solemnly call up you and your children and the animals yo u brought with you- all these birds and cattle and wild animals- that I will never again send another deluge to destroy the earth. And I seal this announce with this sign I have placed my rainbow in the clouds as a sign of my promise until the end of time, to you and to all the earth. When I send clouds over the earth, the rainbow will be seen in the clouds, and I will remember my promise to you and to every being, that never again will the floods serve and destroy all life. For I will see the rainbow in the cloud and remember my eternal promise to every living being on the earth. Gen. 98-17 In the covenant that God made to Noah, it is clear that God did not like the fact that he had to destroy the people that he created with flood and collectible to the love that he had for Noah and his family, he had to establish this covenant with Noah and his generation. God promised not to open the floodgates of heaven and hold water to destroy the world again. He promised that he would no t destroy humans and animals with flood as he told Noah that the rainbow that appears in the cloud is the sign of the covenant that he (God) made with Noah and his generation. The rainbow shows that, to every covenant, there is a sign. The rainbow is also a reminder to man of Gods promise never to use flood to destroy the world again. This covenant could also be referred to the covenant of the preservation of life (Harris & Platzner 14). God gave Noah this covenant to assure him of his steadfast love for the human race. However, it should be noted that, the covenant that God made with Noah is an unconditional one as it did not in any way depend on the fidelity of the human partner. At this point, it is also pertinent to take a look at the covenant that God made with Abraham, who was a descendant of Noah. Abraham was a man of faith he was a man that walked with God. As a result of Abrahams faithfulness, God had to establish a covenant with him. God bestowed a great call down upon Ab raham that has made people to be blessed through him. In the fifteenth chapter of Genesis, God tells Abram (as his name was called then) that, I have given this land to your descendants from the Wadi-el-Arish to the Euphrates River. And I give to them these nations Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaim. Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, Jebusites. (Gen. 1518-21). This was the covenant that

Commercial Poultry Keeping Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Commercial domestic fowl Keeping - Research Paper ExampleIt is to a fault preferred to other protein sources since it provides white meat, which is less in cholesterol. Birds are the most popular stock kept in the world approximately 15.9 billion by 2009 since it is kept by most people in the household e.g. women, children, old men. In Kenya, they are close to 30million where 25million are indigenous and 5million are exotic, in which 3.5million are layers and 1.5million are broilers. This therefore creates a gap of deprivation in poultry meat and eggs which to entrepreneurs, is a big opportunity gap to be make full up by meeting the the customers or market demand to provide these products in required quantity. Having carried appear a thorough research about this opportunity after a long period of condemnation and studied the trends in the market supply and demand for poultry products, I found it profitable to sustain up a commercial poultry farm situated in the capital city o f Kenya, Nairobi. The company, KUKU come with LIMITED was started to keep broilers to provide the citys population with sufficient and healthy value added poultry meat sell in a very health friendly, modern and classic butcheries. Company positioning The companys production unit is located in the Kibera slums, Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya. Kenya is one of the countries forming the East African company neighboring Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Sudan and Somalia. The dense population of this city provides a large customer base for the company products and therefore, a ready market for the same. The city is occupied by every last(predicate) different kinds of dwellers cutting across all social classes who largely consume poultry meat very often. The company has set out several(prenominal) selling outlet shops across the city in most of the busiest blood centers to easily reach its customers. These shops also act as the distribution points for the the retailers across th e city. Staffing Plan The company has been under the management of the founders who double as the owners as well as the managers. The company established a competitive edge through the expertise of its founders where James brought with him the existing relationship with the best suppliers of chicks and feeds in the city, Jacob brought with him his Agricultural knowledge of poultry production, Abel, an IT expert and a market strategist added his management information knowledge as well as knowledge about the market forecasting and capturing to beat other market commpeetiitoors coupled with my good understanding of food redevelopment management, sales record in business to business sales, and financial acumen, well have an edge everyplace the towns other butcher shops and grocery stores within our niche market. We also have two laborers who cooperate us with small manual duties as they come by in the production unit. In addition, we have a salesperson and a cashier at each of our five sales outlets across the city. Form and Benefits of the business This business is partnering based among James, Jacob, Abel and I who have been friends since childhood and decided to come together as entrepreneurs and help in solving food supply shortages to this Kenya. The benefits of this form of business are that it is very instrumental when summit capital, providing labor and in management from the same owner have acted has the managers since it was begun. A Chart of nibs Asset Accounts No Account title To increase Description/explanation of the account 101 Cash Debit The account balance as shown in the company records from customers but not yet deposited 102 Jim Hotels (accounts receivables) Debit Amounts owed to the company for products sold but not yet paid for 104 Feeds (supplies) Debit Cost of supplies that have not yet been used. one hundred five Land Debit Cost quire and

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

Project Management - attempt ExampleThe new club will be larger than Benimhannas existing clubs. This is due to the additions of a teeny 100 seat cinema, and an broad beauty spa. The beauty spa will have a gigantic range of treatments and services available including spray tanning, massage, and non surgical face lifts.As project manager appoint by Benimhanna at the feasibility stage, you are required to prepare a report (2,000 words) outlining the activities required to successfully manage this major project of building the new private health and fittingness club, and ensuring that it is completed on time, and within budget.The analysis should include the skills and competencies required by the Project Manager, along with the project management process. routine examples of the concerns, stages, processes, leadership, administration and control problems associated with managing the lifecycle of this major project.Benimhanna is a dissipated operating within the British leisure i ndustry. The firm focuses on the provision of health and fitness services. Since the first establishment of the company in 1994, its development has been quick reaching today approximately the 24 clubs across Britain. The entire firms clubs follow the equivalent standards and are structured in accordance with specific guidelines and plans. The firm is on-line(prenominal)ly planning to establish a new club, bigger from existing ones which will have all features that can be normally met in the firms clubs (i.e. a 25 x 12 metre swimming pool, a fitness facility, a health suite (including 5 tanning beds, and a sauna and steam room), 3 aerobic/dance studios, two meeting rooms, and a small cafeteria/bar lounge area, see case study) bit in addition it will also include a small 100 seat cinema, and an extensive beauty spa (case study). At a next level, the services offered by the beauty spa compound in the new club will be more than the ones provided through the firms current clubs ac ross the country. The above plan is expected

How does Alcohol Affect Crime in the United States Essay

How does Alcohol Affect Crime in the United States - Essay pillowcaseFrom this discussion it is clear thatthere are some wickednesss mostly tie in to intoxicant role. Homicide, rape, burglary, theft, robbery, squirt abuse, itinerary accidents, Domestic violence, Teens pregnancy, suicides e.t.c are all discourtesys, arguably having intoxicantic drink as a factor in their committal. Since addressing crime alone, by apprehending the criminal is not likely to succeed in reducing the acts of crime, so the root puzzle and the motivation behind the committal of criminal activities needs to be addressed. Among all crime related activities report to the police in 2009, 43 % were found to have been committed by individuals who had antecedently consumed alcohol.This paper stresses thatconsumption of alcohol is likely to result to wrong doings that are offensive and punishable by law, for example, bibulous driving. battery is another sort crime well related with alcohol consumption , where an individual who is under the exploit of alcohol engages in physical assault to members of t heir families or their partners. Among all the reported crimes in the US in the year 2009, cases of battery accounted for 36% of all the reported crime. This is an indication that individuals under the submit of alcohol have a higher chance of assaulting their partners or their family members, more than engage in committing every other alcohol related crime.... There are some crimes mostly related to alcohol consumption. Homicide, rape, burglary, theft, robbery, child abuse, road accidents, Domestic violence, Teens pregnancy, suicides e.t.c are all crimes, arguably having alcohol as a factor in their committal (Michael, 171). Since addressing crime alone, by apprehending the criminal is not likely to succeed in reducing the acts of crime, then the root cause and the motivation behind the committal of criminal activities needs to be addressed. Among all crime related activities rep orted to the police in 2009, 43 % were found to have been committed by individuals who had previously consumed alcohol (Michael, 314). With such backgrounds, then I present my claim that to address crime in America, the US government already pay much attention on regulating alcohol consumption, but it is not effective. This is because, many underage are still being involved in alcohol consumption, alcohol related violence and offences are still on the rise and domestic violence with alcoholic perpetrators is still preponderating (Michael, 172). Hence, I will propose that US government should devise legislations and policies that would effectively eliminate minor stake in alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the government should introduce social programs that address alcohol consumption, through engaging the alcohol consumers to seminars and workshops, which will play a great role in minimizing the number of alcohol consumers. Consumption of alcohol is likely to result to wrong doing s that are offensive and punishable by law, for example, drunken driving. Battery is another sort crime well related with alcohol consumption, where an individual who is under the influence of alcohol engages in physical assault to

Claudio and Hero may be the young lovers but Beatrice and Benedick are Essay

Claudio and Hero whitethorn be the young lovers but Beatrice and Benedick are much more appealing. Say how far you check off or disagree with this statement - Essay ExampleThe comedy displays acts of affection between Claudio and Hero. When Claudio comes back from the battle, he rekindles his love for Hero. The comedy depicts sweet love full of warmth to for each one another(prenominal) and later formulate to engage in marriage (Shakespeare, 200518). However, Benedick on the other hand engages in an argument with Beatrice. They twain vow never to engage in marriage in their lives. In deed, scholars view Claudio and Hero as two young lovers due to their outward feelings for each other.Although Benedick and Beatrice despise each other and discontinue up in arguments, they seem more appealing since they inwardly have affection for each other despite the persistent competition in outwit, outsmart, and out-insult with each other. When they encounter a trick that leads to their falli ng in love, they fall for the trick, and later they end up declaring their love for each other. Though Claudio and Hero appear as young lovers in the comedy, their love to some extent lacks genuineness and trust. When a trick plotted against them takes its course, Claudio fails to get word his trust and love for Hero and ends up despising her in front of the congregation on their marriage ceremony day thus cancelling their wedding (Shakespeare, 2003198).Benedict and Beatrice are more appealing since they declare their love for each other though both of them had vowed never to engage in marriage. They portray a strong guts of will. When Claudio mistreats Hero who is Beatrices cousin, Beatrice confronts him protesting for equality. After their love declaration for each other, Beatrice asks Benedick to seek revenge on Claudio but Benedick hesitates depicting that he never acts on impromptu (Shakespeare, 200564). After revelation of the deceit that took place, Claudio feels sorry and pleads for forgiveness. He even promises to marry Beatrice as a backing for Hero but finds the substitute to be Hero herself.In conclusion,

Final Project- Step Three Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Project- Step iii - Assignment ExampleSecond (2), I used text with highlights on is edges and separated thoughts through backup and subtitle with their accompanying highlights of putting them in bold and underline. The third (3), I put change on the text. Fourth (4), I used a simple black and white draw of the internal work structure of a human auricula atrii. And lastly (5), I used a d auricula atrii colored diagram of the human spike heel. The purpose of this approach is for the audience to experience the increasing ease of understand the message or lecture as the mode of visual progresses from simple text to the use of colored diagrams. By development the same subject with different modalities of conveying beginning from a simple text to a full colored diagram, the audience will readily understand how effective visuals in conveying information. This is consistent with the cliche that goes A picture is worth a thousand words. I Calibri text Parts and Functions of t he ear The human ear is divided into five parts. These five parts of human ear, hold specific functions that table service in the process of hearing. Parts of Human Ear The parts of the human ear include outer(prenominal) Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Acoustic Nerve profound Auditory bear on Centers Outer ear is divided into the auricula atrii and the external auditory meatus. The pinna, also cognize as the auricle is the external ear part that is located and seen on each side of our head. It is do up of cartilage and soft tissue. This helps in maintaining a particular ear shape and remains pliable. The pinna is like a funnel that collects the sound vibrations from around us and funnels them towards the external auditory meatus(Buzzle.com,nd). II Times New papistic with titles and subtitles Parts and Functions of the ear The human ear is divided into five parts. These five parts of human ear, realize specific functions that help in the process of hearing. Parts of Human Ear Th e parts of the human ear include Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Acoustic Nerve important Auditory Processing Centers Outer ear is divided into the pinna and the external auditory meatus. The pinna, also know as the auricle is the external ear part that is located and seen on each side of our head. It is do up of cartilage and soft tissue. This helps in maintaining a particular ear shape and remains pliable. The pinna is like a funnel that collects the sound vibrations from around us and funnels them towards the external auditory meatus (Buzzle.com,nd) . III Texts with colors Parts and Functions of the ear The human ear is divided into five parts. These five parts of human ear, have specific functions that help in the process of hearing. Parts of Human Ear The parts of the human ear include Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Acoustic Nerve Central Auditory Processing Centers Outer ear is divided into the pinna and the external auditory meatus. The pinna, also known as the auricle is th e external ear part that is located and seen on each side of our head. It is made up of cartilage and soft tissue. This helps in maintaining a particular ear shape and remains pliable. The pinna is like a funnel that collects the sound vibrations from around us and funnels them towards the external auditory meatus (Buzzle.com,nd) . IV plat of the ear in black and white Source Gallaudet university V

The UK manufacturing sector has declined significantly over the last Essay

The UK manufacturing sector has declined significantly over the demise 40 years - Essay ExampleThis structural change had created disturbances in the labour market as jobs had to be redistri only whened from declining to growing sectors leading to significant shifts in the design of industrial specialisation at both the national and regional level (Robson 2006).Changing patterns of domestic selectPattern of domestic demand saw changes out-of-pocket to economic development. With the maturity of the economy the consumer demand changed from goods to services. Due to increased presence of familiar sector services, it led to growth of tertiary sector. The shift in UK demand for manufactured goods grew faster than expected, which was scarcely relevant for a bigger changeover for the UK industries producing goods. As the pattern of demand is also impacted by changes in the age structure of population, it affected the demographic pattern by 1.68M less people in the age group of 16-24 i n 1996 in comparison to 1981. Growth in education, recreation and entertainment sectors suffered due to lack of resources. Statistics show that between 1983-1993, the total actual consumer spending at 1990 prices increased by 33.5% but on recreation, entertainment and education it increased by 55% while on food items it went up only by 11.3% (Lam 2010).Changes in the availability of resourcesthe availability of resources, as it happened very unexpectedly with oil decision in 1973 and 1979 when OPEC decreased the production of oil, its prices shot upward. It directly affected the substitutes and compliments prices like coal, gas and cars. It affected the production and employment in energy-related industries such as steel industry (Griffith 2003).International competition and globalizationhas been a force affecting the economic structure of the UK. Due to changing consumer tastes, introduction of new products and minify comparative costs, economic functions got reallocated globally. For example, the UK motor-cycle industry could not meet the standards,

Self-Evaluation and Learning Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self-Evaluation and discipline Needs - act ExampleI was commensurate to detect my learning needs through the novice to expert theory. I found out my weaknesses through consultation with fellow employees and patients. In addition, the self-analysis in my profession helped me in detecting my professional faults that need tightening. After the evaluation, I have learnt that knowledge and experiences are exclusively nearly us it takes a good deep look into our selves to tap it. Self-Evaluation and Learning Needs Assessment Learning needs assessment is the identification of gaps in knowledge, attributes and skills of a specific discipline that need improvement for veracious deli actually of go. This usually involves change of performance in order to improve quality. Learning needs assessment has been seen as a vital point for personal and professional development of all individual and organisations of all disciples. As a nurse who is a graduate of an associate degree program with a 20 years experience in medical-surgical nursing, I have felt a necessity to evaluate and secern my learning needs in order to become a better nurse. I developed an exhort to evaluate myself during my experience as a nurse to level up with the best nursing services offered. With the evaluation of over 20 years, my pedigree of learning needs has been established for continuous professional development. ... This was customary for just from university or college student because, like Benner (2001) says in her book, being novice, like I was, meant I had no experience, the rules to nursing were context-free and were applied universally. Over the years though, I started gaining experience as an advanced beginner. I was because able to recognise recurring meaningful care components and started formulating principles because of the experiences I had gained in the short time and was able to demonstrate acceptable performance. Practising as a medical-surgical nurse requires one to be cle an, neat, responsible and organised at all times. I had learnt this in school but had no experience to actualise the theoretical reading until I started working as the main nurse for all surgical operations. This is when I understood why surgical tools should be sterilised and not just because the books say so. I had advanced as a beginner. After a 3 year experience working as a nurse, I became very analytical in terms of my thinking and choice of the best action to be taken establish on experience and also became much aware of my long-term goals. According to Wakley and Steve (2000), I became a qualified nurse with proper organisation and greater efficiency. Being a clinical nurse specialist entails educating patients and provide on proper care giving, identification of patients needs that require referral for more specialized care and attention, providing primordial care to patients. Changing my practice and improving quality meant that I had to diagnose the individual problem s that I had spy in myself and training on them to ensure continuity of professional development as a

Kim Emighs Ethical Dilemma and Moral Courage Essay

Kim Emighs Ethical Dilemma and Moral Courage - Essay ExampleThere result be SEC violations and you need to make everybody aware of it. It was audacious because he was not just organism direct at admonishing a superior of a wrongdoing but also told him outright to make the authorities aware of it. In so doing, he jeopardized not only his career, which later proven that action to be fatal as he was fired, but also his relationship with other blighter workers. He also ran the danger of being fired which later happened but under the guise of corporeal reduction, as he was directly telling his superiors that you are doing a criminal act and you will be reported. Although Kim Emighs admonishment to his superior to make the authorities be made aware of it didnt but happened as he was later fired, the gesture just showed personal integrity and an unbending professionalism on Kim Emighs part not to commit nor be a part of any fraud adhering to the ethical normal of his profession to be objective and not to misrepresent nor falsify any accounting records no function who you are going against or fight with.

Discussion 7- economics-pricing strategies Assignment

Discussion 7- economics-pricing strategies - Assignment ExampleSince manufacturers accommodate no control over the market prices, they nominate only control how much they produce. For production, firms in sodding(a) competitory market evaluate both the prices for selling their goods and the cost of production. If the analysis leads to greater profit maximisation margin, the firm increases its production. Firms in a competitive market maximize profits or minimize losses by evaluating marginal revenues against marginal costs (Reynolds, 2011).Since there are many producers, each makes up a small portion of the total market. No particular producer can influence market prices. The make curve for the various producers in pure competitive markets is completely elastic (horizontal). Producers in pure competitive markets are price takers. Such producers have the power to sell their products as much as they can produce.If competitors change their prices in pure competitive markets, cons umers are willing to switch their demands to the most competitively priced products. In such a case, cross-price elasticity increases since consumers have other available options at better offers. If one producer raises the price, demand goes to

Concrete mixing Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Concrete mixing - Lab Report Examplee is influenced by the chemical composition of the cement, hydration as easy as development of microstructure, admixtures, and characteristics of the aggregate. In addition, the caliber is strongly influenced by placement, consolidation, as well as curing. The performance of the concrete throughout its service life is also largely influenced by the method employed in mixing, placing, curing and transporting the concrete. It is also necessary for the cultivated technologists to perform various quality control tests which should include slump tests, line content tests, as well as strength-gain-with-time tests.It is a well known fact that concretes which argon considered as good and those considered as bad may have the very(prenominal) ingredients. The difference between good and bad concretes may come about due to the expertise of the engineer as well as the technicians who handle the concrete during construction. Concrete has been employed in many more applications in the past few decades due to the advances that have been made in concrete technology. It is necessary for civil and construction engineers to be aware of the available alternatives to the conventional concrete, roller-compacted concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete.The weight of air entraining agent should 0.05% of cement. cable is entrained in the concrete by the air-entraining admixtures which contain surface-active agents which are concentrated at the air-water interface. Bubbles are form readily when the surface tension is lowered, and the bubbles stability remains after being organize. The mixing water foams with the air-entraining admixtures and the formed consequently locked into the paste during the hardening of concrete.The entrapped air voids are not the same as entrained air voids. This is because the air voids are formed by chance when air enters the fresh concrete during mixing whereas the entrained air voids are formed on purpose as descri bed above. The size of the entrapped air voids can be as large as 3 mm

The Malayan Emergency as seen through the eyes of a British soldier Essay

The Malayan Emergency as seen through the eyes of a British soldier - experiment ExampleThey had just built camp, a temporary shelter for the troops and to make it habitable in the midst of the rubber plantation and coconut plantation. Insurgency was active with a band commanded by one and only(a) Ming Lee. It was their job to neutralize the insurgents and win back the confidence and cooperation of the local community.The entire operation was composed of prongs. First, they were to send patrols in all the estates and villages under the battalions jurisdiction. They had to surprise the mint in the villages, expecting they might admit CT disguised as villagers. They had to show to the people that they were the authorities and that the CT was the enemy who was trying to exterminate the peace and introduce their communist ideology.Patrols helped as General Templers strategy of winning the hearts and minds of the people, to impel them to withdraw their support of Communism, and to enlist their cooperation in ending the Emergency. Ming Lee, the elusive insurgent leader could not be easily caught or defeated, and he and his men were always out there having the support from the community, and convincing the people to support their communist ideology. (Miers 144)Apart from continuous patrols in the villages and in the swampy areas where the CT were usually seen get their daily sustenance from the village folks, the British soldiers were also to execute prong number 2, which was to interrupt the CT intellectual nourishment supplies. This required a well planned operation that needed all the support they could get from the within and outside of their battalion. Prong number 3 consisted of acquiring the services of an informer who could help in neutralizing or cleansing the CT and its leader.Cutting the CT food supply was one of the strategies as mentioned in General Templers strategy and applied by Miers and his battalion. In doing this, they had to identify ho w Ming Lee and his people were getting their food. The British

Communication Style Case Study Essay Example for Free

Communication trend Case Study EssayCommunication style can vary among individuals. Common communion types implicate self- self-asserting, resistless, and rough. Assertive individuals communicate confidently and speak up for themselves. Aggressive individuals communicate with verbal attacks they speak their feelings with reveal debate to others, often in a condescending manner riddled with superiority tones. static individuals communicate out of fear of displeasing others they avoid conflict often denying their own feelings or needs (Hansten, 2009). This paper testament be discussing three case studies and a scenario from my own personal experience. In the first case carry Rashad was passive and redbreast was aggressive. Rashad an aide and Robin a RN attended a team meeting. Rashad intercommunicate about role clarification during the meeting stating that he thought it was set forth of his role to anticipate slightly of the needs of the longanimouss. Robin was aggr essive with her tone toward Rashad and disregarded his feelings and undermined his ability to do his moving in. Robin stated that he was only an aide and that he should only do what he is told.Rashad then planned on existence passive-aggressive toward Robin in the future by notdoing his job on his own, and only doing the things he was told to do. Robins condescending manner when speaking to Rashad did not take into account his feelings and she spoke with a moxie of superiority. Rashad, fearing losing his job if he defended against her assault, was passive and quiet while devising a plan to make her stomach for the way she tempered him.This type of communication between Robin and Rashad is toxic and will clue to vengefulness and hostility among coworkers. Robin could concur been assertive and clarified the role of RN and aide and the expectations of both parties.Rashad could have been assertive by being confident enough to stand up for his rights and expressing his feelings abo ut how Robin treated him. The second case study a school nurse named Pamela was passive or non-assertive when dealing with a volunteer Brigite who had administered some vision and hearing tests. Pamela noticed that the previous screens results and the results from the tests that Brigite administered differed. Pamela was concerned that they were not accurate. Instead of communicating to Brigite, and possible educating Brigite on proper technique for administeringthe tests, Pamela decided to redo all of the tests herself.This passive type of communication lead to a lot more work for Pamela and denied Brigite the probability to learn. If Pamela had communicated assertively with Brigite they could have retested the students together with Brigite learnedness proper technique and building a trusting relationship between Brigite and Pamela. When dealing with delegated tasks, being assertive about how to do the task with clear expectations can build a trusting relationship among staff. u nsuccessful person to be assertive leads to one party feeling like they.COMMUNICATION STYLE CASE breeding 3 need to do all the work this can lead to overtime, burn out, and decreased job satisfaction. The party who was denied the opportunity to learn because of the fear of the delegatee may feel underappreciated or not a part of the team. Feeling that you have to do it all for it to get done correctly can lead to septuple people being dissatisfied with their job. In case study three, genus Rosa is a surgical sum total manager and Mabel is a surgical technician.Mabel was aggressive to Rosa with regards to her job description by stating that her grandparent was the chairman on the boardand that she would have Rosas head on a platter. Rosa was assertive in making sure that Mabel knew that what she was refusing to do was in her job description. Managers need to be assertive and treat e genuinelyone plumb regardless of who they know or are related to. Not being assertive with Mabel c ould have lead to hard feelings among other coworkers. Mabels aggressive behavior was threatening to Rosa not only to Rosas authority but for her job in general.Mabel may feel entitled collectible to her grandparents role on the board, or she may just be a lazy employee, but some(prenominal) her motivation she has created a difficult posture for her manager. Rosa needs to continue to have the confidence to endure assertive in order to maintain the respect she needs to do her managerial duties effectively. If Rosa becomes passive and lets Mabel manipulate her, she will lose the respect of the employees she manages.In my own personal scenario I was dealing with an aggressive family member whose mother was very ill and the prognosis was poor. I had to remain assertive and not let my feelings of anger get the best of me. This family member had been caring for her mother at home for about a year.When her mother was brought to the hospital she was emaciated, weighing only 70 pounds, sh e had 17 pressure sores, aspiration pneumonia, and was contracted into the fetal position. The patient of flinched every time her daughter came near. Although Adult Protective Services had been notified, the daughter (family member in question) was allowed to stay with the patient. Any time a staff member would try to do any wish for her mother the daughter would aggressively try to tell us how to do our jobs, and made accusations that we were the ones who created the sores.She often sabotaged training changes but inserting herself into the process often contaminating the area. Despite her aggression the staff remained assertive that we were trained to do our jobs, and that we were following policy. I was the patients nurse on the day that she was rapidly declining after her lung collapsed and she was actively having a heart attack. The patients daughter became very aggressive with me and I had to be very assertive. The daughter wanted the patient deep suctioned she was sure that would fix her. I had to continue to be assertive and explain that suctioning wouldnot help in this case but could make her mother worse.I manifold respiratory therapy and the doctor we had a COMMUNICATION STYLE CASE STUDY 4 meeting forwards meeting with the patients daughter to explain the severity of the situation. We were able to medicate the patient and the patient calmed down with her breathing. At this point the daughter accepted what the situation was and thanked me for helping her mother. I saw an opportunity to sit down beside the daughter and discuss realistic expectations and set some boundaries. By remaining confident and assertive and involving the team to join.I gained the daughters trust, therefore decreasing her aggressive behavior. If I had been passive or avoidant the patient would have suffered. If I had gotten defensive and aggressive the patient would have suffered. By having good communication skills the situation was diffused and all parties came to an agreem ent. If I could do it over again I would have set boundaries earlier. I felt that the daughter was aggressive due to her stage in the grieving process or due to her guilt of her mother deteriorating while in her care.I was assertive when the patients daughterbecame aggressive toward me, but I was also avoidant of conflict by choosing my battles. Among the communication types assertive communication is the most productive. Passive or aggressive behavior can lead to difficulty managing others, hurt feelings, and stress. To effectively communicate in the healthcare setting, assertive communication is key for dealing with colleagues, patients, and their families. Reference Hansten, R. (2009). Clinical Delegation Skills a enchiridion for professional practice. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook collection database.

US faces worst recession in 26 years Essay Example for Free

US faces worst inlet in 26 years EssayThe United States is once again experiencing a time out uniform to what happened in 1982. The Treasury and plyeral Reserve Offices are caught in surprise as they did not stock the rescue to take such a fast and dramatic collapse as it has been doing for the past months. As a result, there has been a slowing down of retail sales as consumer confidence collapses. bulk are not spending as much as before. They are not using their trust cards and making loans as often. Home prices are going down. Foreign demand is also weakening.Alan Blinder, a professor at Princeton and reason Fed vice-chairman, is certain that the country will face a recession worse than in 2001 or 1990 but the concern now, according to him, is making sure that this recession is slight deep and less long than the 1982 recession. The government has put into action the $100 billion rescue political platform to stabilize the banking system and hopes that it will improve things in the next few weeks. Columbia professor and former Fed governor, Frederic Mishkin, believes that in spite the bailout, the damage has been done already so that the future still looks uncertain.In the meantime, the possibility of rising unemployment rates threatens to deepen the housing slump, depress mortgage rates and increase non-payments of consumer loans. Nevertheless, Fed officials continue to look for ways and options to improve the economic outlook of the future. I agree with the writers views that the economic recession exists and that it is bound to get worse even as Fed officials are doing as much as they quarter to at least soften the blow of the crisis.No one can deny it as we feel it everyday through stories of friends or their parents who got laid-off, who have to move because they cannot pay their fellowship mortgages anymore or those who could not pay their credit card interests anymore. However, the economic recession that the country is experiencing no wadays can be looked upon as just another financial problem for the United States. In the chronicle of modern America, the country has undergone one economic crisis after another, but is still able to rise above each one.For years before every economic downturn, the country has grown and improved. One cannot always be moving up. One has to fall sometimes. The crisis today is a good wake-up call to Americans who have become overly comfortable with being citizens of a rich country so that they simply buy things on credit, assured that they would always find the means to pay for them because salaries would occur increasing and their standard of living would only keep improving.A recession makes the people sensible of their spending habits and maybe this is why after a while, the economy grows again. When all of America learns to be more conservative about their spending and become more conscious of how they manage their money, the economy would improve.Reference Guha, Krishna. (1 9 October 2008). US faces worst recession in 26 years, The Financial Times. rifle updated on October 19, 2008. Accessed from http//www. ft. com/cms/s/0/232eb4de-9e20-11dd-bdde-0077b07658. html? nclick_check=1

Supervalu Company Analysis Essay Example for Free

Supervalu Company abstract EssayOne conjunction that may provide investors such an opportunity is Supervalu, Inc. Supervalu is an Eden Prairie, Minnesota establish sell supermart chain that has experienced sharp drop in the quantify of their contribution over the past several days. The social club has committed itself to a turn-around by replacing Wayne gross revenue with Sam Dun belittledlife as CEO. Duncan followed his identification as CEO by shuffling the top concern deck and bringing in a new president in charge of Save-A-Lot, the companies most important subsidiary. All this was done with the ultimate set out of speeding up the turnaround. The ships companion is in equal manner trimming down with layoffs and selling some(prenominal) of its well cognize brand to investiture group Cerberus Capital (Anderson, 2013). 2. Overview of Supervalu Supervalu is an American retail giant. It has been in business for more than than a century. With over 130,000 empl oyees, it is the third spaciousst food retail company in the United States (after Kroger and Safeway), and ranks account seventy five on the 2012 Fortune 500 list of Americas largest companies (Forbes, 2012).On June 2nd 2006, the company announced the purchase of Boise, Idaho based Albertsons, Inc and all of its 1,124 stores. The Supermarket News magazines ranking of Top Whole traders for 2008 limit Supervalu at the very top of the list (Supermarket News, 2008). The company has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange since 1967. The companys mission is served by opeproportionns consisting principally of grocery and pharmacy operations with a list of 2,432 stores with the degraded also offering supply chain services for smaller retailers, serving over 4,300 retailers (Supervalu, 2012).The retail operations ar supported by 22 distribution centers, and the wholesale distribution is supported by nine distribution centers, the latter of which also supply company owned stores. Th e company benefits from a unfaltering level of diversification with a number of diametrical brands targeting different markets, including Acme, Albertsons and Shop n Save brands. The company owns 1,102 traditional food retail stores, as well as 397 hard discount stores merchandise infra the Save-A-Lot brand name (Supervalu, 2012).In addition the company also licenses the Save-A-Lot brand to 935 independent operators. With what seems to be a successful operation, the company hitherto unflustered faces a number of uphill battles with the last three yrs subject areaing significant spillagees and extreme pressure from competitors. In 2012 CEO Craig Hackert in charge since 2009 was replaced by company chairman Wayne Sales. A move that saw a sharp drop in sh be prices was met eight months later with Sales own firing and replacement with newcomer Sam Duncan in January of this social class with the aim of accelerating the companys turnaround. there attain been significant problem s including massive losses and decline in tax production. Measures are now being interpreted to limit losses, slash cost and regain sales, including the sale of non- last(a) incomeable brands as well as a shakeup in top management as discussed earlier. However, issues such as high levels of debt, a low level of candour and difficult trading conditions may be given for some time. In order to assess the organization as a potential investment, it is necessary to get word at the financial analysis. 3. Financial abridgmentCompanies produce annual reports designed with the shareholder as the primordial audience. The annual reports which are published using the standard format present the performance of the organization in the preceding 12 month period. The annual reports the 10-K in the United States are overseen by an auditor to get word that they reflect a true and honest picture of the company and are compiled in line with the necessary account standards. It should notwit hstanding be noted that financial reports may sometimes be rife with tawdry information as was the case in recent years with Enron and WorldCom.However, for the purpose of this project, it is assumed that in that respect are no potential misstatements. 4. 1 Summary of Statements All figures presented will be in millions of US dollars when examining the different financial statements unless otherwise specified with the exception of per-share numbers. All figures for Supervalu, Inc. , have been extracted from the 10-k for the financial year ending February 2011 and 2012. Where manu eventure comparisons are made, these have been taken from relevant ratio pages on MSN Money. 4. 2. 1 Income StatementThe income statement, which can be found in appendix 1 is also called the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and shows that the financial year which ended on February 25th 2012 (a 52-week year) saw net sales of $36,100. This represented a deep in revenues on the introductory two years as the 2011 net sales was $37,534 and the 2010 net sales was $40,597. Since 2010 the company has seen an 11. 0 percentage point decline in revenues. Some downward movement in revenue was however expected as a result of the divestments that occurred in mid to late 2011. The gross turn a addition for the year 2012 was $8,019 which is a gross profit margin of 22. 1%. However the company saw a loss in direct profit of $519, primarily the result of high cost on intangible assets. 2012s operating profit was still a lower loss in operating profit compared to 2011 when it was $976 and a gain of $1,201 in 2010. profit deliverment are shown on the income statement. For the sake of accounting, net mesh may be presented before or after taxes. Since Supervalu is experiencing an adverse financial climate and took advantage of a negative tax payment in 2010 and 2011, this paper will utilize the definition of net earnings as being earnings after tax.After provisions for income taxes were factor ed in, the company showed a loss of $1,040 or -2. 88% in net earnings in 2012. It must however be noted that this number represents an melioration on the previous year when net earnings registered a -4. 02% loss at $1,510. In 2012 there was a loss of $43. 91 per share in net earnings. This number is however an improvement from 2011 when the net loss per share was $7. 13 . It should be noted that these changes are not influences by the plodding total of outstanding share which stood at 212 million (Supervalu, 2012).The income statement highlights a company in some serious difficulties however the numbers show encouraging signs of a rebound to better times in 2010. 3. 1. 2Balance Sheet The proportionateness sheet referenced in Appendix 2 defines the companys flummox in terms of assets and liabilities. The company experienced a drop in the value of its assets in 2012, however there was also a decrease in total liabilities overall. veritable assets generally calculated as having an economic shelf life of 12 months or less fell steadily from 2010 ($3,711) to 2011 ($3,420) and 2012 ($3,225).This decline can be seen across all asset categories. abundant-term assets also declined to $12,053 representing a 12. 39% drop in value. Measures to cut cost and control debt are starting to take hold as the level of afoot(predicate) liabilities has declined year to year since 2010. The long term liabilities of the companies on the other hand have seen an upward label with total liabilities rising from $11,524 in 2011 to $12,032 in 2012. Important to investors is the decline in the level of equity at heart the organization. This has gone down from $2,887 in 2010 to $1,340 in 2011 and just $21 in 2012.The balance sheet continues to blushing mushroom a picture of current gloom face the organization in the near term. 3. 1. 3 hard interchange Flow Statement The cash flow statement in Appendix 3 shows $157 in cash and cash equivalents in hand at the end of 2012. This re presented a decline in the previous two years of $211 in 2010 and $172 in 2011. This represents a gradual but consistent drop in cash and cash equivalents of the company. Significant impacts are the losses carried over into cash flow which amounted to $1,040 for 2012 and $1,510 for 2011. The net entrap is a reduction in the amount of cash provided for operating activities.It is important to make note of the fact that while the company has engaged in disposing of some assets, there have also been new investment resulting in overall net investing of $484 in 2012 and $227 in 2011. Cash flow from financing activities was also negative with $291 raised from the issuance of long-term debt, but this is counteracted with $798 payment of long-term debt and chapiter lease obligations. This results in net cash outflow from financing activities of $587. However, this is a decline on the previous year of $975. 3. 1. 4Statement of Owners virtueThe consolidated statement of stockholders equity found in Appendix 4shows the balance of equity over a period of four years, 2009-2012. The statement shows that the position of common stock has not changed, with a total of $230. The capital in excess of par has only change very slightly from $2,853 in 2009 to $2,855 in 2012. The major factor of the equity level is a deficit which resulted in a negative balance of -$1,892 at the end of 2012. When added with other accumulated losses results in a total shareholder equity in the firm of $21. This is a no fudge change compared to 2009 when the total balance of equity was $2,581. . 1 Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis can be wontd here to explore the financial position of the firm and the way in which it is performing by analyzing internal performance as well as providing a benchmark for comparison with the industry. This section puts forward some ratio analysis calculations and makes comparisons with industry averages where available. 3. 2. 1 runniness Liquidity is an important measure c ompanies facing hard times. It measures the firms ability to survive in the short term and meet its current financial obligations (Libby et al, 2010).The current ratio and the quick ratio are the two main measure of liquid state also known as the acid test. The current ratio measures the firms ability to give current assets to settle current liabilities. In the case of Supervalu, there are insufficient assets available to pay current liabilities. This is however not unusual as like in many industries with rapid cash flow, a relatively low current ratio may be acceptable based on expected cash flow. Supervalu is and so not necessarily showing any signs of mounting distress with the current ratio at 0. 0 as shown in table 1. The industry average is slightly higher, however this difference may be indicative of better use of capital although it could also indicate cash flow issues. Table 1 Current ratio Current ratio 2010 2011 2012 Industry Avg. Current assets 3,711 3,420 3,225 Current liabilities 4,167 3,786 3,590 Current ratio 0. 89 0. 90 0. 90 1. 1 (Supervalu figures are extracted from Supervalu Inc. 10-K. Industry comparison figure from Microsoft Money, 2012). The quick ratio is another way to evaluate liquidity indoors a company.The idea behind this is that an organization may not be able to stool the full value of its inventory if they are required to liquidate inventory in order to pay current liabilities. Calculations for the quick ratio are similar to the current ratio minus inventory value which is deducted from the total current assets as can be seen in Table 2. Table 2 vigorous ratio strong ratio 2010 2011 2012 Industry Avg. Current assets 3,711 3,420 3,225 Inventory 2,342 2,270 2,150 Net current assets 1,369 1,150 1,075 Current liabilities 4,167 3,786 3,590 Quick ratio 0. 3 0. 30 0. 30 0. 7 (Supervalu figures are taken from Supervalu, Inc. 10K. Industry figures are taken from Microsoft Money, 2012) 3. 2. 2Asset Management The compan ys ability to manage assets will be a key deciding factor in its return to profitability. Measures of asset management include return on assets and return on equity. For Supervalu, the return on assets shows a slight improvement in 2012 at -8. 06% compared to -10. 00% in 2011. Table 3 Return on assets Return on Assets 2010 2011 2012 Industry Avg. Net income 393 -1510 -1040 Total assets 16436 13758 12053 Return on assets 2. 31% -10. 00% -8. 06% 6. 80% (Supervalu figures taken from Supervalu Inc. 10-K, industry comparison figure from Microsoft Money, 2012) The return on equity is poor. While the literal loss has declined in 2012, the phenomenal change in the return on equity showing large losses is the results of adjustments that followed the steep decline in the level of equity. Table 4 Return on equity Return on Equity 2010 2011 2012 Industry Avg. Net income 393 -1,510 -1,040 Equity 2,887 1,340 21 Return on equity 13. 60% -112. 69% -4952. 38% 15. 5% (Supervalu figures take n from Supervalu Inc. 10-K, industry comparison figure from Microsoft Money, 2012) The return on equity may not be enough to make an assessment of managements use of assets. An alternative measure will be asset turnover (Libby et al, 2010). This analyzes the way in which assets are utilize to generate revenue. It will show how many times assets have been turned over in a given year. Supervalu seems to be improving efficiency in terms of utilization. They turned over assets equivalent to 2. 8 times in 2012 which was an increase from the previous two years (2. 9 times in 2011 and 2. 39 times in 2010). Looking at this in terms of industry context where the average is 2. 4 times, Supervalu appears to be improving efficiency which is positive degree for recovery. 3. 2. 3Debt Management The companys debt equity ratio seems to dapple doom for the future. This ratio measures the proportion of debt to equity. Compared to the industry average of 1. 03 shown in table 5 Table 5 Return on eq uity Debt to equity ratio 2010 2011 2012 Industry Avg. Total debt 11,524 12,032 Total equity 1,340 21 Debt/Equity 8. 6 572. 95 1. 03 Supervalu figures taken from Supervalu Inc. 10-K, industry comparison figure from Microsoft Money, 2012) Another measurement of debt management is the debt ratio. Supervalus debt ratio shows that it is in a delicate position with the majority of assets being funded by debt. many a(prenominal) companies have gone through similar issues due to losses in equity but have rebounded as was the case with auto maker General Motors. These numbers do not therefore destine an inability for Supervalu to rebound. 3. 2. 4 Profitability An important measure of viability is the profitability of the organization.There are various measures of profit, however in this report I shall focus on net profit margin. This is the level of profit that ashes after all cost has been deducted. In this report, I shall utilize the measure after interest and taxes. As can be se en on table 6, the company is slowly digging itself out of a low point in 2011 when the net profit margin was negative 4. 02%. However in an industry where the average is 3. 24%, it is obvious the organization has a long way to go. Table 5 Return on equity Net profit margin 2010 2011 2012 Industry Avg. Revenue (Net sales) 40,597 37,534 36,100 Net profit 393 -1,510 -1,040 Net profit margin 0. 96% -4. 02% -2. 88% 3. 24% (Supervalu figures taken from Supervalu Inc. 10-K, industry comparison figure from Microsoft Money, 2012) 3. 2. 5Market Value There are a number of different measures of market value, the most common of which is the price earnings ratio. This is a measure that assesses Harold company will take to earn is total capitalization. However, as Supervalu is making a loss this ratio is not relevant and cannot be calculated. To assess market value a measure which may be utilized are the earnings per share.The earnings per share are shown in table 10, and are a measure of the profit, or loss, the company makes attributed to each share outstanding. As expected, this is in line with the net profit margin in table 5, with the earnings per share being -$4. 91 in 2012 travel from -$7. 12 in 2011. Table 6 Return on equity Earnings per share 2010 2011 2012 Net profit 393 -1,510 -1,040 Average share out 213 212 212 Net profit margin 1. 84% -7. 12% -4. 91% (Supervalu figures taken from Supervalu Inc. 10-K 3. Competitors Supervalu is widely considered the third largest supermarket chain in the country.Its main industry peers areSafeway, Kroger, andWhole sustenance Market. Supervalu generated a steady gross margin of 22. 21% in 2012 and 22. 41% in 2011. However, the company is a loss-maker and it produced negative earnings in the previous year. Safeway, Kroger and Whole Food Market generated operating margins of 2. 37%, 1. 61%, and 6. 36%, respectively. It is clear from these gross margin numbers that the grocery industry has very slim operating margins on sales. Table 7 Competitor Analysis Figure in Million Net Income Long term D/E Operating Margin % Supervalu -1244 Very High -2. 1 Kroger 728 1. 8 1. 61 Whole Food Market 465 0. 001 6. 36 Safeway 523 2. 3 2. 37 (Competitor results taken from Finviz. com) It also seems that Supervalu continued to vie with insufficient growth in its operating activities in the last quarter of 2012. The corporations operating income fell for pecuniary 2012. Furthermore, Supervalu is susceptible to financial leverage as it took on a new $2. 5 billion of debt in the third quarter of 2012 (Boehme, 2012). Supervalu needs to continue to reduce its operational cost in order to account book positive results. 4. ConclusionThe shedding of 877 grocery stores in a $3. 3 billion dollar mint candy with Cerberus Management LP in the first quarter of this year seems to have been a sign of a new and positive beginning (Dezember, 2013). The companys stock has been one of the top performers this year impertinent for a comp any still drowning in debt and declining sales. However the market has a positive outlook on the company. Since January 1st this year, shared of the company have gained a solid 133%. Supervalu closed the first day of trading this year at $2. 60 and ended the last week trading at $5. 26.Thanks to these positive numbers, both Fitch and Moodys have upgraded their ratings on the company from negative to stable which has been a boost to investor confidence. The reduction in non-performing assets is expected to continue to improve the stability of the company. With less exposure to market volatility, the company should be able to rebound and even thrive. Decreasing the debt level will boost the balance sheet and future net revenues. 5. Recommendation Although the bullish run of Supervalu which started early this year continues, the company still has a long way to go in its quest to recover.Therefore the subjective recommendation of this report will be to hold. Based on the companys curren t trend, it is very likely that within the next year the company will show even more positive signs of improvement and therefore warrant a change to a buy recommendation. If the organization is able to make a recovery it will be in a very strong position in the market as the number three grocer that also benefits from a large wholesaler and supply chain management operation. References Anderson, Jake, (January tenth 2013), Supervalu to Sell 5 Chains in $3. 3B Deal, Replace CEO. Retrieved April thirteenth 2013 from http//tcbmag. om/News/Recent-News/2013/January/Supervalu-to-Sell-5-Chains-in-$3-3B-Deal,-Replace Patton, Leslie, (July 30th 2012), Supervalu Names Wayne Sales CEO Amid Strategic Review. Retrieved April 13th 2013 from http//www. bloomberg. com/news/2012-07-30/supervalu-names-sales-chief-executive-officer-to-replace-herkert. html Forbes Inc. (2012), Fortune 500 List of Best Companies (2012). Retrieved April 13th 2013 from http//money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/20 12/full_list/ Supermarket News (2008, SN Top Wholesalers for 2008. Retrieved April 17th 2013 from http//supermarketnews. om/top-75-retailers-amp-wholesalers/sn-top-wholesalers-2008 Supervalu, (2012). About Supervalu. retrieved April 13th 2013 from http//www. supervalu. com/sv-webapp/about/about. jsp Boehme, Kate, (September 16th 2012), fanny Supervalu Survive Its Debt? Retrieved April 18th 2013 from http//seekingalpha. com/ oblige/869491-can-supervalu-survive-its-debt Dezember, Ryan and Hudson, Kris (January 10th 2012), Property Is Plum in Supervalu Deal. Retrieved April 18th 2013 from http//online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424127887324581504578233411904827872. html

Analysis of Emma Stone as the Interview Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Emma Stone as the Interview EssayIntroductionMy first replica is an consultation on the Ellen show between Ellen lee DeGeneres and Emma Stone. It was in April 2012 and The Ellen show is a rattling casual chat. The transcript Ive taken is from about half way through the interview so theyre already in full conversation. My second transcript is from the Tonight prove with Jay Leno and Emma Stone, this interview was from June 2012. The Tonight Show is a much more formal interview. The closing transcript is with Glamour. com and the interviewer is Jenn Selby. Emma Stone and her boyfriend Andrew Garfield ar in this interview and the presence of her partner definitely nominate the interview very take issueent from the other two. All three of the interviews are to promote the film The frightening Spider cosmos which both(prenominal) Emma Stone and Andrew Garfield star in. I will be looking at Emma Stones role as the interviewee.AnalysisEmma reacts differently in separately interview. On both the Ellen Show and The Tonight Show Emma as the less authority speak compared to the interviewer. Jay Leno is quite a stilt anileer than Emma Stone so Jay has the authority within this interview. He uses closed questions which all toldow him to keep envision over the conversation for example he asks Do um population recognise you when asking about her peeled fame however he in same manner asked how long will you keep it platinum-blonde for when questioning her new blonde hair style, which on the surface may look like a very closed question, besides it delivers Emma to talk about how long shes going to be starring in the Spider cosmos films and whether thither will be more than one. She answers, sound you k straightaway oh its kinda there are a few Spider Men which hints that there may be more than one film. He also uses initiators much(prenominal) as so and well to show that he is about to speak which once once again shows his indican t in the conversation.Ellen DeGeneres also uses closed questions, she could be criticised for beingness a bad interviewer, however in this case she is definitely controlling the result of conversation. Ellen ask Whos a better kisser? and How old are you?. Closed questions cause Emma to respond quite minimally which shows a lack of power. In all of the interviews Emma is very polite and passively al downcasts other to speak. The interviewers all take advantage of this and keep control by talking over her frequently. Ellen often interrupts Emma when she starts to talk. Emma *shakes her head* mm nope (3) nope nope (.) Im non scared of spiders now// what have you gotEllen // nope //youre not scared of spiders okay because spiders This is done by interviewers when they want the most aid within the interview. Also in the Glamour interview Andrew talks over her and corrects what she is saying. Emma um he hes a football player so his heroes were eternally guys on the I mean American football so on the American football// field so he// didnt grow up reading comic books no Im totally kidding he was of course excited just it was you know he he is a footballer yeah Andrew // American soccer//. this shows that Andrew feels he has a higher status than her as he feels the need to correct what she is saying, this could be due to him being a more famous actor and also the fact that he is the male. On the other hand in the Glamour interview Andrew talks a lot and is very complimentary of his girlfriend and co-worker Emma.He talks a lot about how shes such a great actress and that you get preoccupied in what shes doing and you have to follow and try and keep up. In this interview Emma *shuffles awkwardly* and *tuts* at his compliments. In the Jay Leno interview he uses expressive utterances and compliments her a lot. He says you look good-natured wow the use of the adjective pleasing is very complimentary and Emma responds by just sighing. It is clear that the hum an relationship status of Emma Stone and Andrew Garfield effects the interview. Emmas paralinguistic features in this interview show her feelings. She spends a lot of the clock smiling at Andrew as he speaks very pleasantly about the film and the roles they both play. She also plays with her sleeves/hands a lot which could show how she feels uncomfortable and embarrassed around him. Each time Andrew clams speaking she smiles as if to agree what he is saying, this is very polite behaviour.Emma Stone is often a ratty and quirky someone, contrastingly in this interview she is very reserved and quiet, this interview was done when Emma and Andrew first revealed they were in a relationship and this is most liable(predicate) why Emma works so out of character as she is nervous. When the interviewer asks Jenn um the interpersonal chemistry between you guys in this movie I is pretty electric not going to lie there are points um in the film where we kinda feel like we shouldnt be watch ing// Emma looks mint at her hands very shyly and then looks to Andrew as if to encourage him to answer this question. The first and save question Emma answers is a question about her younger brothers reactions to the film, she says Emma that hes not really into those types of movies *all laugh*Emma um he hes a football player so his heroes were always guys on the I mean American football so on the American football// field so he didnt grow up reading comic books no Im totally kidding he was of course excited but it was you know he he is a footballer yeah She uses the filler um and recycles a lot with her speech most likely due to her being nervous, he he is a footballer. Also she has a false start and has to correct herself his heroes were always guys on the I mean American football so on the American football. The Ellen Show interview is very familiar. This is for a lot of reasons Ellen and Emma are both female so this may stumble them feel more comfortable with each other. They talk about very typically female topics such as kissing.Also the Ellen Show interviews are always very casual and fun. Emma has appeared in interviews with Ellen before so this could be another reason for why they are so comfortable with each other. The lack of low frequency words also create a casual atmosphere, even the topics of conversations are very informal and nothing serious is spoke about in the interview. Slang is an area of vocabulary which reflects a persons age and the use of colloquial language such as kinda and stuff like that help to bring the interviewer to the same level as the audience and Emma, it causes everyone to feel at ease with each other. On the other hand in the Tonight Show interview the impact of gender roles cause a much more formal environment. Jay uses a lot of adjectives such as beautiful, lovely and talented to describe Emma Stone.He also supports what she is saying a lot by saying yeah when she is talking to make her talk more. Jay changes th e topic of conversation a lot within this interview. He changes the topic from her appearance to The Amazing Spider Man film, and then from the film to jokes about his own appearance. Men and women differ in their use of questions and this is evident in this interview. Jay Leno asks closed questions which are clear requests for information. He asks her Do people recognize you? and so how long will you keep will you keep it blonde? Jay interrupts and speaks over Emma a lot which shows him maintaining control over the conversation. Emma I love you *laughs* oh thats nice//so nice//Jay- // well let me// see this is all new the blonde Emma- Yes I know//(.) Im very Swedish today//Jay //wow // it looks good its looks good This show that Jay is trying to keep the attention and power more on him rather than his guest, which many interviewers do such as Jonathon Ross and Alan Carr. ConclusionOverall I can tell from these interviews alone that Emma Stone behaves differently in different circ umstances depending on a lot of features. Each interview definitely meets its purpose to entertain and inform but in very different ways, the Tonight show interview is entertaining and later in the interview informative, it is however on the face of it scripted and the gender differences create a very different atmosphere to the Ellen Show interview. This interview is again informative and definitely entertaining, the atmosphere is much more casual and relaxed and this calm atmosphere lets Emma relax and behave much more naturally.Finally the Glamour interview is very informative and even though it is a much more structured and scripted interview it is still entertaining. The relationship status of Andrew and Emma cause the interview to be slightly more awkward and one sided towards Andrew however this is helpful to show how Emma behaves in unknown situations. It is obvious that she is uncomfortable with her new fame and in the other interviews she also denies compliments and beco mes awkward.The Amazing Spider Man is the first huge film she has been in and she plays the female lead, this causes her to be very unfamiliar with fame and this is most likely the cause of her reactions. All of the evidence shows this and her anxieties about her and Andrews first interview together as a catch are especially emphasised. Also how she may be feeling slightly self conscious as she is around her boyfriend in this more formal environment.

Competence in the Work Environment Essay Example for Free

Competence in the Work Environment Essay2.1Comp are the strengths and weaknesses of pass judgmentment methods. Assessment tin take rump in a variety of settings, such as classrooms, lecture rooms, go away dapples (or in a simulation of castplace conditions), community and educate establishments or examination h solely(a)s. No matter where it takes place or what form it takes, opinion always involves observation, evaluation, or questioning or a combination of somewhat or all of the three. thither are umteen different methods of assessment, a few timedly utilise are-observation, evaluation or questioning. Whether they are exercisingd formatively or summatively, the most key issue is whether the assessment is permit for the intended outcome. Each assimilator is ab initio given a acquire styles questionnaire to complete. From this questionnaire the tax assessor can establish which from assessment may suit the disciple high hat.ObservationThe assessor observes the prentices as they take to the woods out tasks defined in the standards for the qualification. This observation often takes place in the workplace, or the conditions of the workplace, but it can similarly be carried out in whatever some other place where the savant is undertaking practical activities which is a positive. Assessors should ideally plan observations to take advantage of whatever skills or activities that occur naturally in the learning environment, and to make the best use of the available resources. in that location are times however when an assessor may spontaneously observe a pupil carry out a task which can be written up as an observation. One of the weaknesses of observations is that some scholars amy beome self concious or shy/embarresed and flavor they are beingness watched and graded. The residents or clients may also act differently if they are aware that an observation is taking place and can malarkey to a distorted picture of the true nature of the learners role.EvaluationIn some areas, as learners work towards achieving their qualifications they forget generate evidence in the form of products of their work. This is the case in qualifications in Health and Social burster for instance which is primarily a work-based or practical qualification. Learners may produce CVs, diet plans, weight charts, musing accounts which can all be used to assess their k directledge in a chosen adequate to(p) area. These can be incredibly posistive and allow the learner to reflect and be proud of his/her practices and positives. The weakness with evalution is that it has to be d star correctly, with enough time to explore areas that may need extra work and encourage the learner in a positive way.Questioning and discussions with the learnerQuestioning can be used whenever an assessor wants to assess knowledge and understanding and the various different applications of knowledge such as reasoning, planning, analysing and evaluating.Questioni ng can be used to* confirm knowledge and understanding where it is not apparent from performance * Address gaps in knowledge and understanding in performance based units * Au soticate evidence by asking learners to excuse part of the evidence and/or describe the carry through of producing it * Assess contingencies where it would not be practical or safe to wait until the skill or activity can be observed *You can use oral or written questions, depending on the requirements of the outcomes of units being assessed and the circumstances of the assessment. Your choice of method should reflect any special assessment requirements your learners may give way. For example, some learners do not respond well to written questions in any case, you should always arrest that the appropriate reading level is usedDiscussions give the assessor the luck to gauge the learners knowledge and highlight areas lacking which can be taught at a later date. A weakness in discussions and questioning is that the assessor has to be careful not to lead or prompt or give the answer to the learner as it may not be valid.Outcome 3Understand how to plan assessment3.1Key factors when planning assessmentWhen planning an assessment there are a number of factors to be considered. Who are you assessing? What do you want them to achieve? Where will the assessment take place? How long do you make? Once you watch answered these you then need to look at applying a holistic approach. Using a holistic approach means that many areas of work and outcomes can be reach outed at the same time. The assessment process isnt just closely watching a learner complete a task it is about, discussion, planning, implementing and reflection.Areas of stake that may be involved when I assess a learner in the care setting are minimal but may good-tempered arise. An example of this would be assessing a learner carrying out a manual handling task. Has the learner had the appropriate training to carry out the task? Is there a piece of equipment involved and has it been tested for use. Is the learner competent and confident to carry out the task? Do I feel that I have assessed any risk involved and am I happy for my learner to proceed? If I am not happy at anytime then the assessment will be stopped and a set ahead risk assessment carried out. During the initial meeting the learner will have completed a encyclopedism Styles Questionnaire, this should have highlighted any areas such as advanced learning needs or dyslexia and the planning of an assessment should take this into consideration.3.2 Benefits of using holistic assessmentUsing a holistic assessment enables the assessor to cover a large range of outcomes in a number of parchment units with one piece of evidence. holistic assessment may for example cover infection control and manual handling. By referencing outcomes well the learner will see that good progress is being made and opportunities area taken. It saves time from both the learne rs and the assessors point of view.3.3 How to apply holistic assessment when planning assessmentAs the assessor meets with the learner and plans each technical certificate or unit of work they should be thinking about how best a holistic assessment would fit into the plan and how it can be cross referenced. The learner mustiness then be in agreement and sign the plan.3.4Summarise the types of risk that may be involved in assessmentWhen talking about risk there are a number of different kinds. There is physical/environmental risk to learner, client and assessor and there is emotional/psychological risk. Environmental issues in care setting such as fire, health and safety, trip hazards, the clients themselves. Emotionally learners could feel they are being pushed if too much work is given at once or they may not feel they are being challenged enough. This creates unrealistic and unnecessary risk stress on the learner and is far from safe and conducive to good work being produced.3. 5.1 How to minimise risks through the planning process.Plan number one that is produced with the learner will have run acrossd that the learner is working in safe conditions and if needed any risk assessments have been done, i.e. if the learner is under 18 years old. The plan will also check that the employers insurance liability is up to date. The assessor will discuss with the learner how best to handle their work load to cause minimum stress. Some learners prefer large assignments whilst others prefer small chunks at a time. By knowing your learner you will know whether their work is authentic and justifiable, it is important that they are told about not copying and pasting articles as their own work and explain to them what plagiarism is.Outcome 4Understand how to involve learners and others in assessment 4.1 Explain the importance of involving the learner and others in the assessment processThere are a large number of reasons why its so important to involve the learner in asse ssment. The diploma is for the vista, its their work, and there goals and they need to feel as if they own it. By clear involvement the learner will know what is expected from them and clearly understand the standards and criteria. By involving others in the planning such as senior colleagues and managers then witness statements can be provided, time allocated for learning and support.4.2 Types of information available to learners.In indian lodge for a learner to complete their diploma they should be given any necessary instruct and resources. This may include handouts, oral teaching sessions and websites to look at. Other types of information are items such as standards and the criteria they need to meet. The learner will be told how the evidence is gathered an in what format such as written accounts, reflective accounts, observations.4.3 How can peer and self-assessment be used to promote learner involvement and duty?4.4How can assessment arrangements be adapted to meet the nee ds of the individual learner? Each candidates assessment needs must be considered in recounting to the assessment being undertaken. to the highest degree candidates will require more than one assessment arrangement. For example, candidates who have a visual impairment, hearing imparient or advanced learning needs .Outcome 5Understand how to make assessment decisions5.1When judging evidence we use the pursuance terms-Valid, authentic, current and sufficient.When assessing a learners evidence as an assessor I have to be satisfied that the work submitted is the learners own work and not plagiarised from a book or the internet. It is often easy to tell when this happens as the terms used and flow of the writing changes. Within the realms of health and social care the standards, policies and procedures are continually updated to ensure national standards are met, with this in mind it is important that the learners work is current and up to date with knowledge that his relevant and not historical. I also have to consider whether the work submitted is sufficient, has it covered the entire outcome required and does it show an understanding of the subject.5.2In order for assessment decisions to be reliable and fair between learners there are a set of learning outcomes and criteria that have to be achieved. Each learner is made aware of these outcomes and criteria and their work should demonstrate this. Each learner is assessed against the criteria and outcomes.Outcome 6Understand how your assessments contribute to the quality authorisation of assessment6.1 6.2 6.3There is great importance of quality assurance in the assessment process as it shows whether the performance targets are being met against national standards that are in place. Within my workplace all work is quality assured by an Internal Verifier (IV). The IV is qualified and occupationally competent in the subject that they aver. The role of the IV is to provide support, advice and guidance to the asse ssing team. The IV holds regular standardisation meetings with the assessors and also gives one-to-one support and feedback on learners portfolios.When the portfolios of learners have been assessed and internally verified, and all the assessment criteria have been met, the IV should arrange for the centre to apply for certification for those learners. This will prompt a visit from the External Verifier to confirm the assessment and verification decisions made at the centre. The IV is trusty for ensuring that the details of the learners applying for certification, the assessor(s) involved, and the IV activity in relation to those assessors. The EV will visit the centre to verify the assessment and internal verification decisions made by centre staff. Where there are large poesy of learners this is normally done on a sampling basis. The sample is selected by the EV, to allow them to verify the work of all assessors across a range of evidence types and performance criteria and is bas ed on the IVs sampling plan. It may be necessary for the EV to sample more portfolios than was originally planned, or all the portfolios in the group, so all portfolios should be available on the mean solar day of the EVs visit. If a learner feels .Outcome 7Understand how to manage information relating to assessment of occupational competence7.1 7.2It is important to follow procedures for the care of information relating to assessment for a number of reasons. The assessor should regularly update learning records to provide stainless information on the learners achievement. At my place of work we use a information processing system system called Zylab which tracks each learners progress through a colour chart system. The up to date information contributes to evidence of quality assurance and standardisation, pointing out learners that need extra help or who are falling behind. I use the Zylab forms to show my learners how they are progressing, to see a visual mission of progress and can be extremely rewarding and increases willingness to learn and achieve.The use of feedback and questioning during the assessment process allows me as an assessor to clarify and judge the learners understanding and knowledge in certain areas. Giving slender feedback to someone is a delicate process. It is very important to assure that you approach the task with sensitivity to the persons feelings to subjugate the common problem of a very defensive reaction. An example of giving positive, negative and positive feedback is- You very did an excellent job with that Communication essay bothbody has been very impressed In the future, it would be better to avoid naming people that havent accepted all the methods you outline. Its great that you put so much thought into this and a lot of people are going to benefit from it This is often referred to as a feedback sandwich.Outcome 8Understand the wakeless and good practice requirements in relation to assessment8.1The organisation that I work for has legal requirements, polices and procedures in relation to assessment. Each visit to see a learner I ask whether there have been any incidents that have occurred, either emotionally or from a health and safety perspective. If there has been then I check an incident form has been completed (if appropriate), what measures have been put in place to ensure it doesnt happen again and I take time to listen to the learner express themselves. wholly work undertaken is dealt with in a confidential manner. No names of places, clients, service users or staff are used in portfolio evidence and the learner knows that they can talk to me in a confidential manner. ready records of learning are kept for all learners as mentioned before we use Zylab sheets which must be updated every Friday. The organisation has a responsibility to ensure that all learners are given equal opportunity to formulate and learn and the organisation recognises the diversity in each one.8.2The use of technology can make in the assessment process is invaluable. I have a learner with advanced learning needs who in truth struggles with writing and spelling. To overcome this we use a Dictaphone and use the recording as oral evidence. The organisation now offers on line training which for many learners is ideal as the use of computers within day to day lives and workplaces becomes far more common. It has to be remembered though that there are older learners that we assess that dont have the computer skills and would rather use a paper portfolio. Each learner needs to be assessed as an individual.8.3There are legal and best practice requirements that have to be met in relation to assessment with regards to gender, disability, race/culture/religion and delivery. Each learner that enrols on a course is initially assessed as to any factors which could lead to advanced learning needs. These needs may be due to language barriers, religion or culture. For every learning need identified t he organisation has a duty to ensure each one is recognised and the appropriate support is given.

Nostra Aetate Essay Example for Free

Nostra Aetate Essay1. What contemporary reasons would generate mankind to draw closer together and to strengthen the ties between different sights? (2) Culture, unwashed beliefs, sports, births, deaths, celebration, tragedy, reunions, weddings, music and struggle are entirely contemporary reasons that would cause mankind to draw closer together. Regardless of age or gender, one can still love a sport. When Steve Jobs passed away, the world mourned. Though tragic, death can introduce many people together and teach them not to take everything for granted. Also, recently, the marriage of Prince William and Kate Middleton brought together many people all across the world everyone was watching. Of course, war. Though war isnt really recent, when soldiers died for Canada, people were brought together at the time, they were safer, closer in numbers. Also, protests bring people together to fight for a common belief. In this sense, all the reasons that bring people together and st rengthen the ties together are because EVERONE has been affected. When something happens and EVERYONE is affected, it causes people to come closer together.2. accord to the Church, what three things draw people to fellowship? (3) i) One is the community of all peoples, one their innovation for idol made the whole humans race to live over the face of the earth. Basically, we are all human, and our origin is God, and we all share and live on the Earth together. ii) One also is their final goal, God. His providence, His manifestations of goodness, His saving tendency to extend to all men. This means that the final goal of mankind is to reach God through Salvation, and that He willing be our Saviour. ii) Until that time when the elect will be united in the Holy metropolis, the City ablaze with the glory of God where the nations will walk in His Light. That this glorious city of God, heaven will come to the people who are good. These are the three reasons that draw people to fello wship.3. List the questions that are examined by all religions. What is the basis of the universal need to recognize a Supreme Being? (3) Some common questions that are examined by all religions are What is man?

Curbing Examination Malpractices in Nigerian Educational Assessment Essay Example for Free

Curbing Exami domain Malpractices in Nigerian Educational Assessment EssayThe paper examines the routine or intervention of counsel and steering in curbing scrutiny malpractice in Nigerian educational assessment among on the whole the stake holders in education industry. focal point can be of much interventional assistance in bringing re-orientation of students, teachers, the school and the society. as well as provides complaisant, orientational and psychological counseling as an antidote for examination malpractice in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper dwells on concept of charge and counseling, what examination malpractice is all about, and exposes the causes and an overview of backg finish out of examination malpractice in Nigeria is discussed. Similarly, the hearty effects of examination malpractice is discussed as it affects the political, moral, socio-economic of the nation and conclude with suggestion and solutions through counseling intervention so as to protect th e validity and sanctity of examination in NigeriaAll over the world examination is run acrossed very important in educational system. By means of it, learners are formally measured and placements are made based on the results accrued from it. In Nigeria, education has been adopted as an instrument for meaningful national information. Therefore, government, communities, private organizations, and individuals have naturalised educational institutions with a view to training the citizens for the development of the nations physical and humane resources. In these institutions, teaching and guidance services are supposed to take place so that appropriate skills and friendship can be acquired by the learners.Furthermore, machinery through which the extent of knowledge and skill acquisition is determined at each stage of learning has been set up. This is in form of examination which would be organized in order to evaluate, assess, place and test knowledge and skills. The outcome of the examination is used as a tail for decision making on the examinees ability. In view of the exceeding importance given over to examination at national and international levels, examinations are seen as an activity that should be executed well. Learners in Nigeria see examination as activities that should be successfully carried out if future is assured. Thus, there are some instances where there are tendencies to pass examination at all costs. These trends and phenomena really called for concerns from all Quarters including the master key guidance exponents.Educational Guidance as seenbyEncarta(2009),a process of dowry students to achieve the self-understanding and self-direction necessary to shit informed choices and move toward personal goals. Guidance focuses on the complete development of individual students through a series of services designed to maximize school learning, stimulate career development, and respond to the personal and social concerns that inhibit individu al growth.Although guidance activities are usually associated with educational professionals known as counselors, educational guidance is actually a cooperative enterprise involving the participation of teachers, administrators, other educational specialists, and parents. Similarly, Egbule (2002) puts the concept of Guidance and Counseling as a helping service in the understanding of the factors or events that led to the conceptual development of it as a subject matter, a professional discipline and indeed a helping service. Meanwhile, he submitted further that it is these factors that are responsible for its popularization as helping service and subsequent use in resolving various educational, vocational and socio-personal problems of individual in the society.Some of the factors according to Egbule, (2002) include * Traditional practices relating to advising * finish in modern society and problems associated with it * Development in the field of psychology and philosophy * Educa tional development * Socio-political developments * Different behavior problems of individuals that require counseling, among others. Ipaye, (1983) in Abdu, (2007) define guidance and counseling as a helping service that provides the atmosphere as well as the setting within a professional counselor can help a person (client) or a group of person in price of resolving educational, vocational and personal-social problems.It is as well as the process of assisting the individuals acquire, get acquainted with and becoming aware of the opportunities in the personal, social, educational and vocational world. This is with a view to experiencing and exploring various interventional communication roles. No doubt, counseling has a long interventional role to play by virtue of its significant relevance in curbing examination malpractices in Nigerian educational society as the comprehensive services would bring about positive attitudinal change in individuals thus creating an opportunity to op erate in an atmosphere free from corruption and tension.Administration of examination has broadly speaking been associated with the problem of cheating, otherwise known as examination malpractice. Examination malpractice has been defined in various ways. Imogie (2001) in Umar A and et al (2009) maintain that it involves wrong doing beforehand, during or after an examination by candidates and sometimes invigilators, supervisors, typists, printer, or group whose actions give a candidate or group of candidates an undue usefulness in an examination. It is also seen as an improper and dishonest act associated with examination with a view to obtaining unmerited advantage, while WAEC itself consider examination as all irregular behavior exhibited by candidates or any(prenominal)body charge with the responsibility of conducting examination in or outside the examination hall, before, during or after examination. (WAEC, 2003) It could be deduced that examination malpractice is all round irregularities associated with the conduct of examination.Since human beings have always been conscious of human ability and efficiency in the rural area of appointments or promotions, examinations of contrary form or standard have been with mankind in the course of human evolution. Examination has along history in the world as reported by Pratt (1980) in Umar G, Mburza A, Bulama K, (2009) that examination malpractices was first noticed over 3000 years ago in the famous Chinese Civil receipts and regulations which include death penalty for both the guilty students and examiners. Olowu, (2006) in Nnachi, (2009) added that from China, formal examination spread to different parts of the world. By the middle of the 19th century, competitive examinations were introduced in Britain and India for the selection of government officials.Corrupt practices in examination in Nigeria dated back to the pre-independence. According to various sources, the first publicly reported berth of examina tion malpractices was in 1914, when the question papers of the Senior Cambridge Local Examination were reportedly seen by the candidates before the date of the examination. Since then, there have been incessant cases of irregularities reported on annual basis, the outstanding years were 1963, 1967, 1970, 1973, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1994 to 2003 (WAEC, 2004) the major features of the examination malpractices reported were impersonation, smuggling in foreign materials, slot in, stealing, converting, collusion in examination hall, slew cheating, mass organized cheating, unlawful assistance from teachers and outsiders and insult on supervisors. This ugly phenomenon is inimical to academic and social development and it needs to be addressed drastically.The incidence of examination malpractices over the years has give-up the ghost so alarming in both public and private institutions despite various sanctions employed. Examination malpractices have in recent years remained one of the disturbing phenomenons in educational institutions in Nigeria. The trend which takes different dimensions and forms has become alarming especially in higher institution of learning. It is not limited to internal examination watchful by schools, colleges, polytechnics, and universities, but it has gone up to external examinations such as WAEC, NECO, UTME, NTI, NABTEB, and professional examinations. The situation became embarrass to the nation that the Federal Military Government had to promulgate commandment20 to deal with it.Part of the provision of the Decree reads both person who fraudulently or with intent to cheat or secure any unfair advantage to himself or any person or in abuse of his office, produces, sells or buy, or otherwise deals with any question paper intended for the examination of persons at any examination or commit any of the offence specified in section 3 (27) (c) of this Decree, shall be guilty of an offence and on curse be sentence to 21 years im prisonment. However, Examination Malpractices Act 33 of 1999 reversed the above Decree but stipulates punishment ranging from a fine of N50, 000 to N100, 000 and imprisonment for a term of 3-4 years with or without election of fine. It is regretful to note that this is a toothless bulldog as none of these penalties has been fully implemented, if at all they are implemented.