With Practice

With Practice I once took the AWAI course for marketing specialists. You know the one. Its where they talk around six-figure pay from copywriting and how to acquire some genuine bucks once you take their course. They requested that I be an offshoot, and I did it for quite a while, yet one condition was that I get a duplicate of the main course to consider. Indeed, it was a genuine course. The guidance was sound. I supported it for quite a while. Perhaps the least difficult exercise in the course, be that as it may, stunned me. They encouraged to just duplicate down existing letters utilized in business battles, composed I had an inclination that I was duplicating my moms cursive composition as a kid. Id read a line, at that point compose it. Peruse a different line, at that point compose it. The rationale was that there is power in muscle memory. At the point when we rehash something, we hold it in our brains. All things considered, we practice sports again and again to take care of business. Sewing, running, painting, singing, whatever it is, the more werepeat the drills, the closer we get to carrying out the responsibility well. Utilizing that hypothesis, you can duplicate incredible pages of composing Before you holler written falsification, I guarantee you that the activity doesn't imply that you duplicate the work into your own story. What's more, it doesn't imply that youll inadvertently let out three sections of JK Rowlings words into your story and not know it. Butyou will assimilate a portion of her strategies. Greg Digneo composed a post on Boost Blog Traffic a week ago called The Brain-Dead Simple however Astonishingly Effective Way to Become aâ Better Writer. Envision how my foreheads rose when I saw this blog entry advising different bloggers to duplicate extraordinary blog entries to figure out how toâ ace blogging. ( http://boostblogtraffic.com/better-essayist/) What I discovered intriguing in Gregs post, be that as it may, was that Picasso figured out how to paint so well You figure out how to compose without so much inactive voice.You figure out how to compose more colorfully.You figure out how to write in a specific action word tense better.You figure out how to compose a specific perspective better.You figure out how to broaden your sentence structure better.And the rundown continues forever Dont need to duplicate the pages verbatim? At that point read them again and again. Your psyche is a marvelous wipe. It assimilates. It realizes when you dont think its learning. Make yourself read incredible works, more than once, and the aptitudes sink in. Or on the other hand you could work on keeping in touch with them, imagining youre in the brain of an incredible creator, trusting a portion of that enchantment quagmires off on you.

Inquiry 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Request 2 - Essay Example In spite of the fact that the fundamental story for the MGM film adjustment of the book continued as before, a few sections were modified for instance the underhanded witch of the east’s shoes (Rudolph, n.pag.). The film gave a graphical showing of the characters and the story which is the reason barely any years after the fact, an article composed by Henry Littlefield made it a moral story on populism (Littlefield, 47). The book and the film give a rich social book to be broke down for the nearness of the efficient and political story many case it to have. Littlefield was the main individual to have deciphered The Wizard of Oz as having a financial story after which numerous others likewise asserted the book and film to be loaded with political imagery. Later Rockoff likewise put forth an attempt to uncover the associations between the Populist development, Baum’s sees and the book as deciphered as a financial story (1). Russel B. Nye and Martin Gardner additionally co mposed a book in which they gave a gratefulness to Baum’s composing (Winterich, 42) and revealed how Baum consolidated concealed implications to mirror the earth of the time. By adequately utilizing imagery, Baum spoke to Dorothy as the normal American individuals (Taylor, 5) and the Witch of the East spoke to the money related enthusiasm of the industrialist who were bolstered by their highest quality level partners (Taylor, 6). Numerous different characters represent the different players and partners engaged with the Populist development. Somewhere in the range of 1897 and 1902, Baum had settled in South Dakota where he additionally began a diary called Saturday Pioneer (McGroarty, n.pag.). As per Littlefield, Baum saw the hardships of the Western ranchers who were currently raising their voice against the hardships they were experiencing (48). Thus, Baum’s composing was impacted by the Populist development that was begun to secure the interests of the ranchers. The Peoples Party or the Populist Party as it was all the more ordinarily known as was begun by a gathering of ranchers. At that point during the 1930s America encountered the Great Depression which was the most extreme and delayed time of downturn that harmed the economy. Followed by the incredible wretchedness, World War II was moving toward which implied that the administration needed to put forth an attempt to improve the economy (Perseverance and Responsiveness: The Depression and War Years, 36). As indicated by Littlefield’s translation, The Wizard of Oz has furnished the more youthful age with a generous examination of the Populist development (57). Hansen presents an argumentation in his article bringing up that the understandings that connect The Wizard of Oz and populism are defective. The principal reason he accommodates his contention is the absence of a self-governing revelation of the symbolic understanding of the book (Hansen, 257). The creators who have deciphere d the story as an affordable illustration have not completed any free investigation. They have simply followed the lead of Henry Littlefield who previously concocted the possibility of the metaphorical translation. Likewise, the individuals who bolster the translation notice that Baum was a democrat. Regularly his help for women’s testimonial has been connected with his populist-democrat fondness. In any case, Hansen brings up that Baum was a Republican who respected his paper the Saturday Pioneer as a Republican paper. He additionally presents another understanding of the book as all the characters were monarchists and not democrats. Hansen deciphers the film as speaking to imagery through its utilization of hues and shades (262). While the

AP Lit the Rainbow Essay Student Samples

AP Lit the Rainbow Essay Student SamplesAP Lit the Rainbow essay student samples are of the highest quality. The teachers who wrote them could not have picked a better way to deliver what they do. They perfectly capture the style of AP Lit and help you expand on your AP Lit skills.If you're going to be writing a new project for an essay, the professor will give you a few examples to work with. In most cases, the instructor will send the homework sample to your teacher's office and ask her to critique it. The major benefit to getting an AP Lit the Rainbow essay student sample is that you get to see and hear how an instructor will sound while reading the essay.Of course, every course is different. In some courses, there may be instructors who seem somewhat awkward or unfriendly to your classmates. But in other courses, the instructor may be very encouraging to your peers. That is why it is important that you know how the instructor will respond to you when you go to her office to get f eedback on your work.This knowledge helps you adjust your classroom dynamics. If you find that you are being overly harsh or rude to your classmates, you might want to work on the ways that you can be a little more friendly. If you find that you are being too friendly, you might want to change your behavior.The other thing that students need to realize is that if they don't understand something, then they should ask for clarification. Sometimes, students who have questions need to be explained better before they can fully grasp what they've read. That is also true for students who don't understand a concept, such as what a bracket is. These students should be willing to ask for clarification if they don't fully understand something.Here are some simple tips to remember when using the essays as examples in class. It is important that you understand that each task is graded differently. There are more advanced students who get higher grades for every task that they do; so it pays to p ut a bit of effort into each task that you do in order to make yourself look competent.Another simple trick is to try to make the subject stand out. That is not always easy to do because many of the subject materials you're used to studying all summer aren't the same as the subject material that you will be using this semester. However, it is possible to make it stick out by adding lots of graphic design on your papers. Remember to use lots of color and avoid dark outlines.Finally, remember that it is not good to repeat much of what you have written in your essays. Most students don't write their essays in the first place. So it's hard to catch them if they repeat themselves often. Try to use different topics, colors, or paper types and see if you can make your work stand out.

The New Wave Immigration Of Southern And Eastern Europeans

The supplemental texts of LSP 200 explore the history of the â€Å"old† wave immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans to the United States and compares the experiences of this group with the â€Å"new† wave immigration of non-European immigrants to the United States post 1965. One common phenomenon was clearly defined and explained the most important indicator of immigrant success in adapting to American culture, segmented assimilation. Kasinitz defines segmented assimilation as â€Å" various outcomes of the second generation based on different opportunities and social network† (Kasinitz Mollenkopf, 7). He then provides examples of how public intuitions, such as Urban High School in New York City contribute to this theory by â€Å"racializing† and â€Å"genderizing† their students (Kasinitz Mollenkopf, 28-49). The micro aggressions experienced by the Dominican male students of Urban High School, such as the interactions between teachers and students in classroom settings are representative of larger processes that are components of institutionalized racism The lived experience of these students contributes to the disparities in education seen among the second generation, which ultimately diminishes their opportunities and social networks (Kasinitz Mollenkopf, 29). Gerber defines segmented assimilation as how â€Å"race and social class have combined effects on where immigrants live and eventually go to school, and overall acculturation pattern† (Gerber Kraut, 21). They cited lower-classShow MoreRelatedIssues in American Immigration935 Words   |  4 Pagesearly 20th centuries, immigration was the major source of U.S. population growth. Looking over our 200+ years we find that to clearly be true, with approximately 1 million immigrants coming to America during the 17th and 18th century. Almost 3 million arrived during the 1860s, and another 3 million in the 1870s. In the next four decades, the number of immigrants rose to over 25 million people, most from various European nations, most arriving in New York or one of the Eastern seaports (Damon, 1981)Read MoreEssay about Immigration529 Words   |  3 PagesImmigration The second wave of immigrants to come to the United States came in from Southern or Eastern Europe. These immigrants came to the United States seeking better economic opportunities for their families. The economy of the United States was driven by the culture that resided in the area. In the Seattle area, the farming, ranching, logging and fishing industries drove the economy. This was mainly due to the huge growth of Oregon and Washington by settlers coming in from the EuropeanRead MoreEssay about Eugenics in America695 Words   |  3 Pagescalled â€Å"inferior† cultures of the colonies and â€Å"new wave† immigration. The late eighteenth century was a turbulent time throughout America. An influx of immigrants packed into massive cities such as New York and Chicago. As opposed to previously northern European immigration, a wave of â€Å"new† immigration in the 1890’s brought immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, who vastly differed culturally and religiously from their northern European counterparts. Some immigrants brought radicalRead MoreThe First Wave Of Immigration1838 Words   |  8 Pageslevel of immigration has been continuous throughout American history, there have been two epochal periods: the 1880 to 1924 Age of Mass Migration, primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe, and the Post 1965 Wave of Immigration, primarily from Latin America and Asia. In this research paper, I would focus on the first wave which occurred in the 1900; including impact, living and work condition; reasons for coming, and change in immigration laws. America experienced a large wave of immigrationRead More Immigrants and Immigration Movement of the Early 20th Century1077 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Movement of the Early 20th Century Here is not merely a nation, but a teeming nation of nations. -Walt Whitman People have been immigrating to the United States ever since the European settlers first founded the nation. The first immigrants were white European settlers who came for an assortment of different reasons, such as freedom of religion and employment opportunities. Waves of immigrants poured into the US until restrictions were made in the 1920s, which were largelyRead MoreTheu.s. Obama And Donald Trump1339 Words   |  6 PagesRight now is a perfect time to reflect on the history of our nation. Dissecting the history of immigration in the united states may reveal that the slogan â€Å"Make America Great Again† may not be so crazy. Throughout our history nativists and restrictionists have been pleading to keep immigrants out of America and would be head over heels at the idea of â€Å"building a wall†. It is interesting to compare the clashing viewpoints of Americans throughout history to the debates between Hillary Clinton and DonaldRead MoreAmerican Middle Eastern M inority915 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Middle Eastern Minority One of the least known minority groups in the United States is the Middle Eastern minority. Although the place of Middle Easterners became the forefront of public discussions recently, especially with relation to Islam and terrorism after 9/11, Middle Easterners in the United States have a long history. They have become part of the American society, and many second- and third generation Americans with Middle Eastern background have become publicly recognizableRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States Essay2299 Words   |  10 PagesImmigration in the United States has had a contentious history since this country’s first settlers, with overtly exclusive and xenophobic policies being de rigueur throughout colonialism until the mid 20th century, and arguably today. Anti-immigrant sentiment has reigned with each historical immigration wave, intensifying as the demographics shifted from Northern and Western Europeans during Colonialism to more â€Å"unassimilable† races like Southern and Eastern European, Asian, African and Middle EasternRead MoreCultural Values And The American Culture1440 Words   |  6 Pagesand values. All these factors have a huge influence in shaping the American culture unlike the Saudi culture which has its own traditional cultural values. This article explains the major waves of immigration to America during the 1700s. 1800s,and the 1900s. It also, highlights some of the impacts of the immigration on the American cultural values and how it defines them and represents the important cultural values in Saudi Arabia and how they are different than the American values and whether theyRead MoreUrban Zones Of The Nineteenth Century1239 Words   |  5 PagesAs American towns industrialized all through the nineteenth century, irresistible ailments developed as a genuine danger. The presentation of new workers and the development of vast urban zones permitted already confined sicknesses to spread rapidly and contaminate bigger po pulations. Consider as industrialization occurred, towns developed into cities, and people relocated to them. The expanded interest for shoddy lodging by urban vagrants prompted ineffectively assembled homes that poorly accommodated

The Lais Of Marie De France - 865 Words

The extent to which the Lais of Marie de France can be categorized as fairy tales is dependent on the definition of â€Å"fairy tale.† Using various scholars’ definitions of â€Å"fairy tale† and conceptions of the fairy tale genre, criteria for â€Å"fairy tales† arises. Then, close-readings of three lais, â€Å"Guigemar†, â€Å"Lanval† and â€Å"Yonec†, are used as a mechanism for meeting or failing the criteria. This methodology is then evaluated and problematized. The criterion for fairy tales includes origin, form, content, style, and meaning. Etymologically, the word ‘fairy tale’ has disputed origins. Supposedly, it comes from the French â€Å"contes des fees† or â€Å"tales about fairies†, popular in French courts and salons in the seventeenth century. However, Jack Zipes argues that â€Å"conte fà ©erique† actually translates to â€Å"fairy tales† and refers to narrative form, rather t han content. If defined from â€Å"conte fà ©erique†, a work is a fairy tale due to its narrative form. Narrative form is in turn defined in two ways, as the process of narration or as the narrative account itself, known as the story. Firstly, the fairy tale process of narration has a consensus definition, determined by its origin and function. Secondly, the narrative account of a fairy tale encompasses several sub-sections including setting, characters, and style. Fairy tales originate in the oral tradition of folk tales. Both Vladimir Propp and Karel ÄÅ'apek argue that key to this tradition is the repeated interaction between performer andShow MoreRelatedLais of Marie de France1940 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the Lais of Marie de France there are several themes presented as central to the various stories. Some of these themes are present in all of the lais. One such example is that of courtly love and its implications. Courtly love being one of the more prominent themes in all of medieval literature, it is fittingly manifested in all of the lais as well. Another theme present in two of the lais is isolation. The theme of isolation plays a large role in the stories of Guigemar and LanvalRead MoreEssay on Lais of Marie de France1046 Words   |  5 PagesKnights of Old and Harry Potter October 7, 2012 Love and Marie de France According to American mythologist, Joseph Campbell, â€Å"The greatest love was during the Medieval Ages, when noble hearts produced a romantic love that transcended lust† (Joseph Campbell and the Power of Myth with Bill Moyers [2001]). The Lais of Marie de France are primarily concerned with this idea of love--specifically, courtly love--between a man and a woman. Courtly love, a union modeled after the feudal relationshipRead More Lais Of Marie De France Essay examples1939 Words   |  8 Pages Throughout the Lais of Marie de France there are several themes presented as central to the various stories. Some of these themes are present in all of the lais. One such example is that of courtly love and it’s implications. Courtly love being one of the more prominent themes in all of medieval literature, it is fittingly manifested in all of the lais as well. Another theme present in two of the lais is isolation. The theme of isolation plays a large role in the stories of Guigemar and LanvalRead MoreThe Lais of Marie de France and Quickly-Budding Love Essay670 Words   |  3 Pagesexample of a wild love story portrays the love tales told in the book The Lais of Marie de France, where many lovers are quickly overtaken with the love and passion from a secret lover. The Lais of Marie de France is a book that inquires one to question the reasoning of exaggerated love stories from the middle ages with their immediate love situations, disastrous consequences, and happiness of lov e. In The Lais of Marie de France, the lovers are quickly stricken with a sense of love whether it is byRead MoreLovers From The Lais Of Marie De France As A Children s Book1533 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Chevrefoil† Adapted Imagine a story of lovers from The Lais of Marie de France as a children’s book. It would show the events true love can overcome, and inevitably end in a happy ending. The stories would have to be adapted in such a way to where all the details were appropriate for a child. It must be wrote to where the story would not be over their head, so they could fully understand the story. My adaption of â€Å"Chevrefoil† from The Lais of Marie de France into a children’s book would essentially fall intoRead MoreThe Lais Of Marie De France And The Wolf Hunt988 Words   |  4 Pagesbeliefs tend to lead to the inaccurate portrayal of the past. The two books, The Lais of Marie de France, by Marie de France and The Wolf Hunt by Gillian Bradshaw are prime examples of how our modern beliefs cause this distortion. The modern version of the novel, which is The Wolf Hunt, portrays the story differently than the Medieval novel, The Lais of Marie de France. The Wolf Hunt has modern themes in it, while the Lais has genuinely medieval themes. These stories are quite similar because they bothRead MoreEmpowering Women through Courtly Love Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesdeeds, and become obedient to her in hopes of winning her affection. In The Lais of Marie de France, specifically Chevrefoil and Yonec, the author does not follow all of the rules of courtly love, yet she does illustrate to the reader the relationship between the man and his woman. She describes the beauty, intelligence, and wisdom of her female characters, giving them power over the men who love them. While Marie de France often confines women to the oppressive realities of the Middle Ages, she allowsRead More We have Decided Essay2066 Words   |  9 Pagesmorally wrong. Marriage, on the other hand, has been thought of as a sacred institution shared by most of the people and religions of the world. In the â€Å"Lais† written by Marie de France, we are given insight into the inner workings of five adulterous affairs, six pre-marital sexual encounte rs, and one instance of impure thoughts. Although Marie de France does not seem to condone adultery, she writes in a manner that allows the reader to feel possible sympathy with it, depending upon the situation. InRead MoreAnimal Symbology in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the Lais785 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the Lais of Marie de France, the authors use animals as metaphors for human actions, and as characters. By analyzing the use of these animals, we are able to explore the meaning the authors were trying to communicate through specific scenes. The Book of Beasts, a translation by T.H. White (1984 ed.), provides a medieval standpoint when analyzing the use of animals in the Lais and in Gawain. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, there is specific use of threeRead MoreEssay on Lanval and Yonec1687 Words   |  7 Pagesa certain motif of the story, or symbolize the author’s or society’s mindset. The representation of the body becomes significant for the story. In the representation of their body in the works of Marie de France’s lais â€Å"Lanval† and â€Å"Yonec,† the body is represented in opposing views. In â€Å"Lanval,† France clearly emphasizes the pure beauty of the body and the power the ideal beauty holds, which Lanval’s Fairy Queen portrays. In France’s â€Å"Yonec,† she diverts the reader’s attention from the image of the

Road In Road Essay - 1355 Words

NAVIGATING THE MISSIONAL ROAD IN FRANCE PEDESTRIAN CROSSING After an overnight flight and a six-hour time shift, our Calvary Church delegation received warm greetings at Lyon Saint-Exupery Airport in France, a 70-minute flight southeast of Paris and a 60-minute drive to our home-base city of Grenoble. Later that afternoon, our troop rode the commuter train to the heart of Grenoble on a historic city tour. Sometime afterward, Missionary Roy asked, â€Å"How many Muslims did you see in town?† â€Å"Very little,† I answered. â€Å"We spotted more Muslims last year.† The missionary, now in teaching mode, countered, â€Å"About 50% of the people you noticed today, were Muslims.† Our ministry partner steered us toward people watching as a missionary would.†¦show more content†¦In addition, our squad ascended, with SUVs, the rest of the way up the mountains to a ski resort town, Les Deux Alps (The Two Alps), elevation 5,400 feet. Sometime in the past, a spiritually minded soul erected a cross at the other end of this winter vacation land which overlooks the snow-capped mountains 11,800 feet high. ROAD CONSTRUCTION AHEAD Returning to Grenoble, our mission team began our primary ministry, prayer walking. Before executing ministry in any area, we â€Å"surrounded the area with prayer† one to two days in advance. We interceded in three locations. First, in a poorer immigrant IslÄ mic neighborhood of apartment buildings where drug dealers hang out. Nevertheless, Roy participates in a kids club there which ends the school year with a carnival for the kids and a neighborhood-sized barbecue for them and their parents. Building on prayer preparations a couple of days earlier, bands of three formed. Accordingly, two Americans plus one translator, knocked on doors of families whose children take part in the club and passed out invitations. As a result, a woman invited one team in. The mother received a phone call saying a college had accepted her daughter into a nursing program that she had prayed for. Consequently, the mother attributed the answered prayer to the visit of our group. To keep a rapport, the residents guests invited the woman to come to say, â€Å"Hello,† at the barbecue. The Muslim woman andShow MoreRelated On the Road Essay848 Words   |  4 Pages On the Road On the Road, by Jack Kerouac was considered to be the first â€Å"beat† novel. The lifestyle of beats is explained as going against mainstream norms. The two main characters in the novel Dean and Sal both go against normal society. On the Road was written during a time when mainstream society was in to materialistic possessions. The average person was concerned with having a good paying job and raising a family in the suburbs. Beatniks had the complete opposite goals in lifeRead MoreOn the Road Essay2385 Words   |  10 Pagesrebellious lifestyle sparked various different views; those that look up to them, and those that look down upon them. Jack Kerouac plays a major role in this time period pertaining to this lifestyle, authoring many works about it, one being On the Road. He uses the characters in this story to depict the diverse views on the Beatniks. This strong interpretation used throughout the novel sets the stage for many other authors writing on behalf of the Beat Generation. The characters he uses in this novelRead More The Road Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesCormac McCarthy’s novel The Road â€Å"the man† and â€Å"the boy† refer to themselves as â€Å"the good guys† compared to â€Å"the bad guys†. While reading this book I was lead to believe that â€Å"the boy† is truly the only â€Å"good guy† left, because â€Å"the man† and every other character th at I encountered in this book share some of the same qualities as â€Å"the bad guys†. The boy constantly begs his father to be sympathetic and charitable to the drifters that they encounter on the road, but the father usually refusesRead MoreRoad Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesto redesign the intersection of U.S. Route 62 and County Road 160. A public viewing of the land Monday evening was followed by a public hearing, at which Holmes County Engineer Chris Young acknowledged â€Å"change is always difficult.† Nevertheless, he said, it’s a job his office is tasked with managing, in the midst of commercial and residential growth throughout the county. â€Å"My office works very hard to try and minimize the effects of these road projects on our residents and communities. Frankly, itRead More On The Road Essay883 Words   |  4 Pageswhich would become ‘On the Road’ his most acclaimed novel. It is said to be an account of Kerouacs (quot;Sal Paradise’squot;) travels with Neal Cassady (quot;Dean Moriartyquot;). According to Allen Ginsberg, Kerouac typed the first draft of On the Road on a fifty-foot long roll of paper. On the Road gave an outlet of release for the dissatisfied young generation of the late forties and early fifties. And although it has been fifty years since the events in On the Road, the feelings, ideas andRead MoreThe Road Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesPrometheus â€Å"carried the fire† to humanity, his days are forever filled with torture. Similar to the situation that appears in the Cormac McCarthy’s novel, The Road, the main characters, a man and his son also â€Å"carry the fire† for the sake of mankind. â€Å"Carrying the fire†, a motif that Cormac McCarthy portrays throughout his novel, The Road, can be used to explain the reasoning behind why the two main characters, a man and his son continue to persevere in the novel’s harsh world. Perhaps the sayingRead More Road Not Taken Essay980 Words   |  4 Pages Critical essay for â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost Two roads diverged in a yellow wood And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, Because it was grassy and wanted wear: Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same. And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads to way, I doubtedRead More The Road Essay2021 Words   |  9 PagesThe Road Named one of the four major novelists of his time, Cormac McCarthy has won numerous awards such as the National Book Award, National Book Critics Circle Award, and the 2009 PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction, which places him in the highest rank of American literature. His tenth and latest novel, The Road (2006), known as his most traumatic yet intensely personal work, has won the Pulitzer Prize for Literature Award in 2007, as well as the James Tait Black MemorialRead MoreEssay on Road Accidents1888 Words   |  8 PagesEssay on Road Accidents !! Lack of road-sense has further complicated the matters. Driving licenses are given on illegal gratifications to the authorities and traffic rules and regulations are thrown to the winds. Overloading is one of the major factors of road- accidents and deaths. The condition of the vehicles is hardly found road-worthy. The unmanned railway level-crossings further add to the chaos and confusion. The multiplicity of authorities and utter lack of coordination among them is anotherRead MoreEssay On Utah Roads1119 Words   |  5 Pages12% ,Distracted and Drunk Driving - 9%. For teenagers driving on Utah Highways being ,Ran Off Road - 30%,Speed Too Fast - 22%, Failed to Keep in Proper Lane - 15%, Overcorrected - 15%Failed to Yield, Driver Distraction, Wrong Side of the Road - 11%. What was provided in what I read did not surprise me because of the fact that teenagers are always on their phones and not paying attention to the road. For me the differences between the statistics for teen drivers compared to Utah drivers as

Fiscal Policy of Australia and Effects

Question: Discuss about the Fiscal Policy of Australia Effects on Australian Economy. Answer: Every government of each nation implement a different type of macroeconomic policies to enhance its financial growth and maintain the economic balance of the country. Two different sorts of macroeconomic policies are used by each government that are known as Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy (Wade, 2015). Fiscal policy can be better understood as the strategies used by the government of a nation to control its economic balance. It is the strategy through which the government adjusts its tax revenue and spending to influence the financial performance of the nation. John Keynes, a British Economist, first introduced the concept of Fiscal Policy (Gruen, 2015). According to the economist, the government of every nation can use it to improve the employment rates, regulate inflation in the market, and balance business inflow and outflow to develop economic performance (Morrison, 2015). The study has been conducted to observe the last five years economic growth of the nation along with the fiscal policies implemented by the Australian government in order to judge the effectiveness and efficiency of the economic reforms that are undertaken to improve the economic balance of the nation. On the other hand, the paper presents the various types of fiscal policies that are implemented by the Australian government to manage the economic indicators of the nation by controlling the supply and demand in the domestic market. In the last four years, the Australian economy has been one of the leading economies of the world with sound and stable fiscal balance that are taken by different major countries of the world. But, in the current position, the economy has been facing a downfall due to the decline in demand in the international market. In the paper, the GDP of Australia will be compared with the deficit balance of the country in order to understand the current scenario of the Australian economy. The current budget deficit of Australia is around 2.4 percent (Simes, 2013). Comp aratively, the budget deficit of the United States is around 10.6 percent of the GDP, and that of Spain is around 11.4 percent. Irrespective of the downfall in the Australian economic growth, the country holds the 13th position in the World GDP ranking that makes it one of the successful and developed economies of the world (Salvadori and Balducci, 2015). According to Morrison (2015), fiscal policy is identified as an effective economic tool used by any government to influence the financial infrastructure of the nation by utilising the government spending and taxation rates (Morrison, 2015). It is important for the government of Australia to identify a particular fiscal target by the end of the financial year after considering the current market scenario to control the average price level, unemployment rate and inflation (Poke and Wells, 2009). The effectiveness of the fiscal policy can be evident on the economic growth rate of the nation. In the case of divergence from the targeted goals by any of the above mentioned economic factors, the government of the country must make appropriate changes in the fiscal policy to control the economic growth in the future. It is important to note that the fiscal policy is used in two different ways (Morrison, 2015). Firstly, the fiscal policies are developed to achieve the desired targets by boost ing the economic performance of the nation. Secondly, it is used to control or slow down the uncontrollable economic growth of the nation that may lead to a high level of inflation in the future (Wade, 2015). Hence, it can be said that the fiscal policy is mainly used to control the aggregate supply and demand in the market by controlling the investment, consumption, government spending, and export policy of the country (Poke and Wells, 2009). Two different types of fiscal policies are used by the government of every nation to control the economic growth of the country and maintain its trade balance. The firstly and the mostly used fiscal policy is the expansionary fiscal policy. The expansionary fiscal policy is used to stimulate economic growth in the nation (Gruen, 2015). The expansionary fiscal policy is used to get relief from the recession phase. As per the expansionary method, the government spends more on subsidiary and cuts the tax rates to promote more business in the nation (Makin and Narayan, 2011). The primary idea of the expansionary fiscal policy is to put more money in the hands of the consumers to enhance the aggregate demand in the market. The high level of aggregate demand will keep the businesses boost the production and increase the availability of jobs in the labour market. On the other hand, the second technique that is used by the government of any country is the contractionary fiscal policy. The contractionary fiscal policy is mainly used to reduce the economic growth of the nation. The primary idea of contractionary fiscal policy is to control the inflation rate in the market (Simes, 2013). Long-run inflation damages the standard of living of the people which is as dangerous as a recession. In other words, the policy is used to control the aggregate demand by increasing tax rates and reducing government spending to minimise the growth of the aggregate price of commodities in the country. Hence, the Contractionary fiscal policy is rarely used by any government of a nation (Makin and Narayan, 2011). By considering the last five years, it can be seen that the government of Australia has focused on implementing a tight fiscal policy to control the international trade, unemployment and inflation rate. During the first of the last five years, the Australian government has used the fiscal policy to control its expenditure in order to increase the aggregate demand in the market (Lewis and Wallace, 2015). Furthermore, the government has been quite effective in managing the aggregate price of the commodities and maintained an inflation rate of 2 percent to 3 percent. Since 2011, an increased can be seen on the government debt to GDP rate of Australia. The government debt to GDP rate increased from 24.24 percent in the year 2011 to 36.8 percent in the year 2015 (Salvadori and Balducci, 2015). Additionally, the increase rate of government debt to GDP has negatively affected the bond yields structure and borrowing cost of the economy. It can be seen through study that the primary reason fo r the hike in the government debt to GDP is the recent decision of increase government spending and the major company taxes. On the other hand, a change has been evident in the fiscal budget of Australia during the 2012-13 budgets. It can be seen that the Australian government used a Contractionary Fiscal Policy during this phase by reducing its spending by AUS$7 billion and increasing the tax revenue by around AUS$39 billion. The contraction policy was used by the government to control the rising price of the commodities (Lewis and Wallace, 2015). The tactics of contractionary fiscal policy helped the Australian government to reduce the aggregate demand by around 2 percent. On the other hand, the inflation rate was controlled by the end of 2015 and came down to 1 percent which was a good achievement for the government of a developed nation. The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and the Australian government has identified a slow rate of consumer price growth due to the sluggish economic growth. Furthermore, the tight fiscal policy of the government has forced the RBA to cut down the interest rates in order to promote businesses in the market (Farrer, 2015). On the other hand, the RBA further reduced the interest rate by the end of 2015 due to the low rate of CPI to promote trade and growth of GDP. Meanwhile, the increasing government debt to GDP has forced the Australian government to reduce its spending that has further resulted in a decline in aggregate demand in the market (Salvadori and Balducci, 2015). Hence, it can be seen that the budgetary tactics of the Australian government have worked effectively in controlling the economic balance as per the changes in different situations. Therefore, it can be said that that the tight fiscal policy of the government has successfully managed the targeted trade balance, unemplo yment rate and inflation of the Australian economy to seek economic growth in a sustainable way (Wade, 2015). By considering the current economic scenario, it can be seen that the Australian economy has been facing an uncertain downfall in its growth rate. It is expected by the finance ministry that the growth rate will remain under 3 percent until 2018. On the other hand, a rise in the inflation rate has been evident by the end of 2016 along with a rise in the unemployment rate. Hence, the government of Australia must take necessary measures in the form of changes in its fiscal policy to control the economic balance of the country. The effect of fiscal policy has been significant to the Australian economy. Predominantly, the previous five years or so, the role of fiscal policy has been crucial to recovering the economic growth, the Gross Domestic Product, the rate of inflation, unemployment rate, government spending, the balance of trade and other factors leading to the sustainable business environment (Jensen and Webster, 2014). In the current economic scenario, the fiscal policy of the Reserve Bank of Australia has targeted to stabilise the rate of inflation at 1 percent leading to price check of commodities. Alternatively, the increasing debt figure of the economy has been largely supported by the fiscal policy to control the rising debt. According to the reports of Australian Treasury, the budget deficit of Australian economy by 2020 will be reached as high as AU$ 10 billion. Therefore, thought out fiscal policy will be effective to reduce the government expenditures. Herein, the role of the RBAs economic p olicy on Australian economy has been summarised in the following section (Ryoo and Skott, 2016). The rate of inflation has been identified to check the surging pricing standards of essential commodities. Meanwhile, the fiscal policy of the RBA has aimed to achieve inflation rate to be 1 percent or below. The data released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics has shown that the inflation rate in Australian rose 1.5 percent in the last quarter of 2016 (Abs.gov.au, 2017). In September 2016, the rate of inflation recorded as 1.3 percent. The increase in inflation has been fuelled by the increasing price of transport and consumer prices leading to surging in commodity prices as well. Moreover, the rate of inflation has seemed to be hovering around 1-1.5 percent that is considerable for a developed economy such as Australia. As described in the underlying figure, the economy has maintained a staggering rate of inflation below 3 percent for the last five years. Figure: Australia Inflation Rate Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) The impact of fiscal policy of the RBA can be largely reflected in the Gross Domestic Product of the nation. A comparative study of the GDP of the nation since the last ten years has identified the pattern of GDP of Australia. During the global crisis scenario in 2008, Australian fiscal policy was aimed to fuel GDP growth in the country. Since then continuous rise in GDP can be noticed up to 2013. As shown in the figure given below, in 2015 the GDP recorded was worth US$1339.54 billion that is the 2.16 percent of value of the entire worlds GDP. Currently, the recent contraction in GDP growth by 0.5 percent has put the brakes on GDP estimations (Hutchens, 2016). Predictably, till 2018, the growth rate of the country will be expected to be below 3 percent. Figure: Australia Gross Domestic Product (2006-2015) Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) Notably, the fiscal policy applied in the year 2016 has to be altered accordingly as the outcomes are not fruitful to say the least. On the other hand, the effect of fiscal policy can be reflected in the employment market as well. During mid-2015, the rate of unemployment reached as high as 6.3 percent. Meanwhile, the RBAs fiscal policy has controlled the rate of unemployment a bit. In the December quarter of the previous year, the seasonally adjusted rate of unemployment recorded at 5.8 percent. In the long-term scenario, since 2012, the unemployment rate crept up from 5 percent to 5.8 percent. In the current situation, the Australian economy has added 13,500 employments whereas 14,700 jobless claims are added to the list (Abs.gov.au, 2017). Figure: Australia Unemployment Rate Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) Apart from the unemployment situation, fiscal policy has made a major impact on the balance of trade. The fiscal policy of Australia has reported to create trade surplus in November 2016. Meanwhile, AU$ 1.24 billion trade surplus has been recorded in the report beating all the expectations. In a comparative discussion, the revised data has been better than the last data recorded in October 2016 whereas the balance of trade has shown AU$ 1.12 billion trade deficit. In the underlying figure, the comparative analysis of trade balance of the economy has been presented. Notably, in November, AU$ 0.5 billion deficit of balance was estimated. Understandably, the fiscal policy has increased the exports contributing to the turnaround of trade balance (Robinson, 2016). Figure: Australia balance of Trade Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) Admittedly, for the first time the balance of trade has been recorded a surplus as high as this after 2014. In the discussion, the government budget deficit has been included to identify the effect of fiscal policy on a bigger perspective (Aslan et al., 2014). The data released by the Abs has stated that the government budget deficit of the Australian economy has been recorded equal to 2.4 percent of the entire GDP of the country during 2015. For a comparative study, a detail scenario of government budget for the past decade has been presented. Figure: Australia Government Budget Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) The above figure has shown to identify that since 2009, the government of Australia has faced significant challenges due to budget deficits. In 2010, the budget deficit of the economy was 4.2 percent to the entire GDP of the nation. Notably, in the recent five years or so, the deficit in budget has been controlled using effective fiscal policy measure. Moreover, a detail review of the government spending has been figured out in the study to evaluate the role of fiscal policy in controlling the government spending (Oliver, 2016). According to the reports, during the third quarter of 2016, the government spending of the Australia has been reduced to AU$77644 million whereas in the second quarter the expenditure of government has been recorded worth AU$77832 million (Abs.gov.au, 2017). Figure: Australia Government Spending Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) The representation of the government expenditure of the last five years has shown that since 2014, the spending has been continuously followed the uptrend till the second quarter of 2016. The pull back in the government spending is necessary to fill the gap of budget deficit. Currently, the fiscal policy has been largely supported to control the unproductive spending of the government. In the existing economic status, the budget deficit has been a major issue hindering the credit rating as well as growth prospects of the economy. Due to the budget deficit, the central idea of the fiscal policy has been to control the government spending directed towards the public and private infrastructure (Lane and Perotti, 2015). Also, significant tax reforms must be taken into consideration under the current fiscal policy to fill the gap of the massive budget deficit. As a result of the controlled government spending, the government has to compromise with the GDP growth, annual GDP, per capita income, inflation rate, and unemployment situation (Wade, 2015). Lack of government expenditure has limited the investment in the infrastructure leading to economic growth. In the past five years, the fiscal policy has made a significant and long-term change in the economic sustainability (Robinson, 2015). Meanwhile, the fiscal policy of the RBA has massively contributed to keeping the in flation rate down close to 1 percent. Specifically, looking at the fiscal and economic outlook of the economy, the RBA has set inflation target at 2-3 percent. Alternatively, the downgrading of credit rating from SP can create a negative impact on the economic growth (Hill, 2016). Hence, the RBA must review the current set of fiscal policy to fill the gap of the budget deficit. In order to control the increasing amount of budget deficit, the fiscal policy must put the brakes on government spending. During the period of 2015-16, a $5.5 billion budget package has been provided by the Australian government to increase the employment market as well as industrial production. The fiscal policy of Australia has maintained the growth of the economy since the past two decades or more without a single recessionary phase (Daley and Wood, 2016). In the existing financial situation, the fiscal policy must bring foreign investment so that the debt situation of the economy can be covered by a certain margin. The investigation of the Australian fiscal policy over the last five years has delivered significant role of the economic policy of the RBA and the federal government of Australia. In the past decade or so, the fiscal policy of the nation has continuously supported the employment market and commodity prices. The fiscal policy of the government has decided the federal budget status so that the government spending to the public and private sector can be made as per the regulation. Also, there are significant targets attached to the fiscal policy such as employment, inflation rate, budget deficit, the balance of trade and budgetary funding. In the recent economic context, strict fiscal policy measures must be recommended to check the government expenditure. Thus, aggregated demand can be increased to a significant order supporting job market. Most importantly, the recent threats of economic downgrading and poor fiscal and economic forecasts have created significant doubts on the economi c growth. Predominantly, specific fiscal targets of the RBA have helped to create the most effective economic policies suitable for creating jobs and control the rate of inflation. In the sluggish growth outlook, tax reforms must be included in the fiscal policy so that a large amount of debt situation can be filled. References Abs.gov.au. (2017).Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Aslan, M., Buyrukoglu, S., Oz, E. and Nazlioglu, S. (2014). Does fiscal policy matter for trade balance in the OECD countries? Panel vector error correction estimation.International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 7(4), p.271. Daley, J. and Wood, D. (2016). Fiscal Challenges for Australia: The Next Decade and Beyond.Asia the Pacific Policy Studies, 3(3), pp.475-494. Farrer, M. (2015).Unemployment in Australia rises to 6.4%, highest for 13 years, ABS figures show. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/feb/12/unemployment-in-australia-rises-to-64-in-january-abs-figures-show [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Gruen, D. (2015). The Evolution of Fiscal Policy in Australia.Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 21(4), pp.618-635. Hill, R. (2016).Australia: Australian government presents 2016/2017 budget, revises upwards expected fiscal deficits. [online] www.focus-economics.com. Available at: https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/australia/news/fiscal/australian-government-presents-20162017-budget-revises-upwards [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Hutchens, G. (2016).Australian GDP: economy shrinks by 0.5% in September quarter. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/dec/07/australian-economy-shrinks-by-05-in-september-quarter [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Jensen, P. and Webster, E. (2014).Patterns of trademarking activity in Australia. 1st ed. Melbourne, Vic.: Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia. Lane, P. and Perotti, R. (2015). The trade balance and fiscal policy in the OECD.European Economic Review, 42(3-5), pp.887-895. Lewis, M. and Wallace, R. (2015).The evolution of the Australian financial system. 1st ed. Nottingham: University of Nottingham, Dept. of Economics. Makin, A. and Narayan, P. (2011). How Potent is Fiscal Policy in Australia?.Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy, 30(3), pp.377-385. Morrison, S. (2015).IMF Supports Governments focus on building a stronger economy. [online] Sjm.ministers.treasury.gov.au. Available at: https://sjm.ministers.treasury.gov.au/media-release/002-2015/ [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Oliver, S. (2016).The 2016-17 Australian Budget putting popularity ahead of austerity. [online] Ampcapital.com.au. Available at: https://www.ampcapital.com.au/article-detail?alias=/olivers-insights/may-2016/the-2016-17-australian-budget [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Poke, J. and Wells, G. (2009). The Term Spread and GDP Growth in Australia.Economic Record, 85(269), pp.121-131. Robinson, M. (2015). Accrual accounting and Australian fiscal policy.Fiscal Studies, 23(2), pp.287-300. Robinson, M. (2016). Medium Term Fiscal Policy Issues and Challenges in Australia. Ryoo, S. and Skott, P. (2016). Fiscal and Monetary Policy Rules in an Unstable Economy.Metroeconomica. Salvadori, N. and Balducci, R. (2015).Innovation, unemployment and policy in the theories of growth and distribution. 1st ed. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar. Simes, R. (2013).Fiscal policy rules in Australia. 1st ed. Barton, A.C.T.: Chifley Research Centre. Wade, M. (2015).It's time to borrow, the IMF tells Australia. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/how-well-is-australia-managing-the-postboom-transition-20151002-gjzvhi.html [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Every government of each nation implement a different type of macroeconomic policies to enhance its financial growth and maintain the economic balance of the country. Two different sorts of macroeconomic policies are used by each government that are known as Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy (Wade, 2015). Fiscal policy can be better understood as the strategies used by the government of a nation to control its economic balance. It is the strategy through which the government adjusts its tax revenue and spending to influence the financial performance of the nation. John Keynes, a British Economist, first introduced the concept of Fiscal Policy (Gruen, 2015). According to the economist, the government of every nation can use it to improve the employment rates, regulate inflation in the market, and balance business inflow and outflow to develop economic performance (Morrison, 2015). The study has been conducted to observe the last five years economic growth of the nation along with the fiscal policies implemented by the Australian government in order to judge the effectiveness and efficiency of the economic reforms that are undertaken to improve the economic balance of the nation. On the other hand, the paper presents the various types of fiscal policies that are implemented by the Australian government to manage the economic indicators of the nation by controlling the supply and demand in the domestic market. In the last four years, the Australian economy has been one of the leading economies of the world with sound and stable fiscal balance that are taken by different major countries of the world. But, in the current position, the economy has been facing a downfall due to the decline in demand in the international market. In the paper, the GDP of Australia will be compared with the deficit balance of the country in order to understand the current scenario of the Australian economy. The current budget deficit of Australia is around 2.4 percent (Simes, 2013). Comp aratively, the budget deficit of the United States is around 10.6 percent of the GDP, and that of Spain is around 11.4 percent. Irrespective of the downfall in the Australian economic growth, the country holds the 13th position in the World GDP ranking that makes it one of the successful and developed economies of the world (Salvadori and Balducci, 2015). According to Morrison (2015), fiscal policy is identified as an effective economic tool used by any government to influence the financial infrastructure of the nation by utilising the government spending and taxation rates (Morrison, 2015). It is important for the government of Australia to identify a particular fiscal target by the end of the financial year after considering the current market scenario to control the average price level, unemployment rate and inflation (Poke and Wells, 2009). The effectiveness of the fiscal policy can be evident on the economic growth rate of the nation. In the case of divergence from the targeted goals by any of the above mentioned economic factors, the government of the country must make appropriate changes in the fiscal policy to control the economic growth in the future. It is important to note that the fiscal policy is used in two different ways (Morrison, 2015). Firstly, the fiscal policies are developed to achieve the desired targets by boost ing the economic performance of the nation. Secondly, it is used to control or slow down the uncontrollable economic growth of the nation that may lead to a high level of inflation in the future (Wade, 2015). Hence, it can be said that the fiscal policy is mainly used to control the aggregate supply and demand in the market by controlling the investment, consumption, government spending, and export policy of the country (Poke and Wells, 2009). Two different types of fiscal policies are used by the government of every nation to control the economic growth of the country and maintain its trade balance. The firstly and the mostly used fiscal policy is the expansionary fiscal policy. The expansionary fiscal policy is used to stimulate economic growth in the nation (Gruen, 2015). The expansionary fiscal policy is used to get relief from the recession phase. As per the expansionary method, the government spends more on subsidiary and cuts the tax rates to promote more business in the nation (Makin and Narayan, 2011). The primary idea of the expansionary fiscal policy is to put more money in the hands of the consumers to enhance the aggregate demand in the market. The high level of aggregate demand will keep the businesses boost the production and increase the availability of jobs in the labour market. On the other hand, the second technique that is used by the government of any country is the contractionary fiscal policy. The contractionary fiscal policy is mainly used to reduce the economic growth of the nation. The primary idea of contractionary fiscal policy is to control the inflation rate in the market (Simes, 2013). Long-run inflation damages the standard of living of the people which is as dangerous as a recession. In other words, the policy is used to control the aggregate demand by increasing tax rates and reducing government spending to minimise the growth of the aggregate price of commodities in the country. Hence, the Contractionary fiscal policy is rarely used by any government of a nation (Makin and Narayan, 2011). By considering the last five years, it can be seen that the government of Australia has focused on implementing a tight fiscal policy to control the international trade, unemployment and inflation rate. During the first of the last five years, the Australian government has used the fiscal policy to control its expenditure in order to increase the aggregate demand in the market (Lewis and Wallace, 2015). Furthermore, the government has been quite effective in managing the aggregate price of the commodities and maintained an inflation rate of 2 percent to 3 percent. Since 2011, an increased can be seen on the government debt to GDP rate of Australia. The government debt to GDP rate increased from 24.24 percent in the year 2011 to 36.8 percent in the year 2015 (Salvadori and Balducci, 2015). Additionally, the increase rate of government debt to GDP has negatively affected the bond yields structure and borrowing cost of the economy. It can be seen through study that the primary reason fo r the hike in the government debt to GDP is the recent decision of increase government spending and the major company taxes. On the other hand, a change has been evident in the fiscal budget of Australia during the 2012-13 budgets. It can be seen that the Australian government used a Contractionary Fiscal Policy during this phase by reducing its spending by AUS$7 billion and increasing the tax revenue by around AUS$39 billion. The contraction policy was used by the government to control the rising price of the commodities (Lewis and Wallace, 2015). The tactics of contractionary fiscal policy helped the Australian government to reduce the aggregate demand by around 2 percent. On the other hand, the inflation rate was controlled by the end of 2015 and came down to 1 percent which was a good achievement for the government of a developed nation. The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and the Australian government has identified a slow rate of consumer price growth due to the sluggish economic growth. Furthermore, the tight fiscal policy of the government has forced the RBA to cut down the interest rates in order to promote businesses in the market (Farrer, 2015). On the other hand, the RBA further reduced the interest rate by the end of 2015 due to the low rate of CPI to promote trade and growth of GDP. Meanwhile, the increasing government debt to GDP has forced the Australian government to reduce its spending that has further resulted in a decline in aggregate demand in the market (Salvadori and Balducci, 2015). Hence, it can be seen that the budgetary tactics of the Australian government have worked effectively in controlling the economic balance as per the changes in different situations. Therefore, it can be said that that the tight fiscal policy of the government has successfully managed the targeted trade balance, unemplo yment rate and inflation of the Australian economy to seek economic growth in a sustainable way (Wade, 2015). By considering the current economic scenario, it can be seen that the Australian economy has been facing an uncertain downfall in its growth rate. It is expected by the finance ministry that the growth rate will remain under 3 percent until 2018. On the other hand, a rise in the inflation rate has been evident by the end of 2016 along with a rise in the unemployment rate. Hence, the government of Australia must take necessary measures in the form of changes in its fiscal policy to control the economic balance of the country. The effect of fiscal policy has been significant to the Australian economy. Predominantly, the previous five years or so, the role of fiscal policy has been crucial to recovering the economic growth, the Gross Domestic Product, the rate of inflation, unemployment rate, government spending, the balance of trade and other factors leading to the sustainable business environment (Jensen and Webster, 2014). In the current economic scenario, the fiscal policy of the Reserve Bank of Australia has targeted to stabilise the rate of inflation at 1 percent leading to price check of commodities. Alternatively, the increasing debt figure of the economy has been largely supported by the fiscal policy to control the rising debt. According to the reports of Australian Treasury, the budget deficit of Australian economy by 2020 will be reached as high as AU$ 10 billion. Therefore, thought out fiscal policy will be effective to reduce the government expenditures. Herein, the role of the RBAs economic p olicy on Australian economy has been summarised in the following section (Ryoo and Skott, 2016). The rate of inflation has been identified to check the surging pricing standards of essential commodities. Meanwhile, the fiscal policy of the RBA has aimed to achieve inflation rate to be 1 percent or below. The data released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics has shown that the inflation rate in Australian rose 1.5 percent in the last quarter of 2016 (Abs.gov.au, 2017). In September 2016, the rate of inflation recorded as 1.3 percent. The increase in inflation has been fuelled by the increasing price of transport and consumer prices leading to surging in commodity prices as well. Moreover, the rate of inflation has seemed to be hovering around 1-1.5 percent that is considerable for a developed economy such as Australia. As described in the underlying figure, the economy has maintained a staggering rate of inflation below 3 percent for the last five years. Figure: Australia Inflation Rate Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) The impact of fiscal policy of the RBA can be largely reflected in the Gross Domestic Product of the nation. A comparative study of the GDP of the nation since the last ten years has identified the pattern of GDP of Australia. During the global crisis scenario in 2008, Australian fiscal policy was aimed to fuel GDP growth in the country. Since then continuous rise in GDP can be noticed up to 2013. As shown in the figure given below, in 2015 the GDP recorded was worth US$1339.54 billion that is the 2.16 percent of value of the entire worlds GDP. Currently, the recent contraction in GDP growth by 0.5 percent has put the brakes on GDP estimations (Hutchens, 2016). Predictably, till 2018, the growth rate of the country will be expected to be below 3 percent. Figure: Australia Gross Domestic Product (2006-2015) Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) Notably, the fiscal policy applied in the year 2016 has to be altered accordingly as the outcomes are not fruitful to say the least. On the other hand, the effect of fiscal policy can be reflected in the employment market as well. During mid-2015, the rate of unemployment reached as high as 6.3 percent. Meanwhile, the RBAs fiscal policy has controlled the rate of unemployment a bit. In the December quarter of the previous year, the seasonally adjusted rate of unemployment recorded at 5.8 percent. In the long-term scenario, since 2012, the unemployment rate crept up from 5 percent to 5.8 percent. In the current situation, the Australian economy has added 13,500 employments whereas 14,700 jobless claims are added to the list (Abs.gov.au, 2017). Figure: Australia Unemployment Rate Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) Apart from the unemployment situation, fiscal policy has made a major impact on the balance of trade. The fiscal policy of Australia has reported to create trade surplus in November 2016. Meanwhile, AU$ 1.24 billion trade surplus has been recorded in the report beating all the expectations. In a comparative discussion, the revised data has been better than the last data recorded in October 2016 whereas the balance of trade has shown AU$ 1.12 billion trade deficit. In the underlying figure, the comparative analysis of trade balance of the economy has been presented. Notably, in November, AU$ 0.5 billion deficit of balance was estimated. Understandably, the fiscal policy has increased the exports contributing to the turnaround of trade balance (Robinson, 2016). Figure: Australia balance of Trade Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) Admittedly, for the first time the balance of trade has been recorded a surplus as high as this after 2014. In the discussion, the government budget deficit has been included to identify the effect of fiscal policy on a bigger perspective (Aslan et al., 2014). The data released by the Abs has stated that the government budget deficit of the Australian economy has been recorded equal to 2.4 percent of the entire GDP of the country during 2015. For a comparative study, a detail scenario of government budget for the past decade has been presented. Figure: Australia Government Budget Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) The above figure has shown to identify that since 2009, the government of Australia has faced significant challenges due to budget deficits. In 2010, the budget deficit of the economy was 4.2 percent to the entire GDP of the nation. Notably, in the recent five years or so, the deficit in budget has been controlled using effective fiscal policy measure. Moreover, a detail review of the government spending has been figured out in the study to evaluate the role of fiscal policy in controlling the government spending (Oliver, 2016). According to the reports, during the third quarter of 2016, the government spending of the Australia has been reduced to AU$77644 million whereas in the second quarter the expenditure of government has been recorded worth AU$77832 million (Abs.gov.au, 2017). Figure: Australia Government Spending Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) The representation of the government expenditure of the last five years has shown that since 2014, the spending has been continuously followed the uptrend till the second quarter of 2016. The pull back in the government spending is necessary to fill the gap of budget deficit. Currently, the fiscal policy has been largely supported to control the unproductive spending of the government. In the existing economic status, the budget deficit has been a major issue hindering the credit rating as well as growth prospects of the economy. Due to the budget deficit, the central idea of the fiscal policy has been to control the government spending directed towards the public and private infrastructure (Lane and Perotti, 2015). Also, significant tax reforms must be taken into consideration under the current fiscal policy to fill the gap of the massive budget deficit. As a result of the controlled government spending, the government has to compromise with the GDP growth, annual GDP, per capita income, inflation rate, and unemployment situation (Wade, 2015). Lack of government expenditure has limited the investment in the infrastructure leading to economic growth. In the past five years, the fiscal policy has made a significant and long-term change in the economic sustainability (Robinson, 2015). Meanwhile, the fiscal policy of the RBA has massively contributed to keeping the in flation rate down close to 1 percent. Specifically, looking at the fiscal and economic outlook of the economy, the RBA has set inflation target at 2-3 percent. Alternatively, the downgrading of credit rating from SP can create a negative impact on the economic growth (Hill, 2016). Hence, the RBA must review the current set of fiscal policy to fill the gap of the budget deficit. In order to control the increasing amount of budget deficit, the fiscal policy must put the brakes on government spending. During the period of 2015-16, a $5.5 billion budget package has been provided by the Australian government to increase the employment market as well as industrial production. The fiscal policy of Australia has maintained the growth of the economy since the past two decades or more without a single recessionary phase (Daley and Wood, 2016). In the existing financial situation, the fiscal policy must bring foreign investment so that the debt situation of the economy can be covered by a certain margin. The investigation of the Australian fiscal policy over the last five years has delivered significant role of the economic policy of the RBA and the federal government of Australia. In the past decade or so, the fiscal policy of the nation has continuously supported the employment market and commodity prices. The fiscal policy of the government has decided the federal budget status so that the government spending to the public and private sector can be made as per the regulation. Also, there are significant targets attached to the fiscal policy such as employment, inflation rate, budget deficit, the balance of trade and budgetary funding. In the recent economic context, strict fiscal policy measures must be recommended to check the government expenditure. Thus, aggregated demand can be increased to a significant order supporting job market. Most importantly, the recent threats of economic downgrading and poor fiscal and economic forecasts have created significant doubts on the economi c growth. Predominantly, specific fiscal targets of the RBA have helped to create the most effective economic policies suitable for creating jobs and control the rate of inflation. In the sluggish growth outlook, tax reforms must be included in the fiscal policy so that a large amount of debt situation can be filled. References Abs.gov.au. (2017).Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Aslan, M., Buyrukoglu, S., Oz, E. and Nazlioglu, S. (2014). Does fiscal policy matter for trade balance in the OECD countries? Panel vector error correction estimation.International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 7(4), p.271. Daley, J. and Wood, D. (2016). Fiscal Challenges for Australia: The Next Decade and Beyond.Asia the Pacific Policy Studies, 3(3), pp.475-494. Farrer, M. (2015).Unemployment in Australia rises to 6.4%, highest for 13 years, ABS figures show. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/feb/12/unemployment-in-australia-rises-to-64-in-january-abs-figures-show [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Gruen, D. (2015). The Evolution of Fiscal Policy in Australia.Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 21(4), pp.618-635. Hill, R. (2016).Australia: Australian government presents 2016/2017 budget, revises upwards expected fiscal deficits. [online] www.focus-economics.com. Available at: https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/australia/news/fiscal/australian-government-presents-20162017-budget-revises-upwards [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Hutchens, G. (2016).Australian GDP: economy shrinks by 0.5% in September quarter. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/dec/07/australian-economy-shrinks-by-05-in-september-quarter [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Jensen, P. and Webster, E. (2014).Patterns of trademarking activity in Australia. 1st ed. Melbourne, Vic.: Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia. Lane, P. and Perotti, R. (2015). The trade balance and fiscal policy in the OECD.European Economic Review, 42(3-5), pp.887-895. Lewis, M. and Wallace, R. (2015).The evolution of the Australian financial system. 1st ed. Nottingham: University of Nottingham, Dept. of Economics. Makin, A. and Narayan, P. (2011). How Potent is Fiscal Policy in Australia?.Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy, 30(3), pp.377-385. Morrison, S. (2015).IMF Supports Governments focus on building a stronger economy. [online] Sjm.ministers.treasury.gov.au. Available at: https://sjm.ministers.treasury.gov.au/media-release/002-2015/ [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Oliver, S. (2016).The 2016-17 Australian Budget putting popularity ahead of austerity. [online] Ampcapital.com.au. Available at: https://www.ampcapital.com.au/article-detail?alias=/olivers-insights/may-2016/the-2016-17-australian-budget [Accessed Feb. 2017]. Poke, J. and Wells, G. (2009). The Term Spread and GDP Growth in Australia.Economic Record, 85(269), pp.121-131. Robinson, M. (2015). Accrual accounting and Australian fiscal policy.Fiscal Studies, 23(2), pp.287-300. Robinson, M. (2016). Medium Term Fiscal Policy Issues and Challenges in Australia. Ryoo, S. and Skott, P. (2016). Fiscal and Monetary Policy Rules in an Unstable Economy.Metroeconomica. Salvadori, N. and Balducci, R. (2015).Innovation, unemployment and policy in the theories of growth and distribution. 1st ed. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar. Simes, R. (2013).Fiscal policy rules in Australia. 1st ed. Barton, A.C.T.: Chifley Research Centre. Wade, M. (2015).It's time to borrow, the IMF tells Australia. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/how-well-is-australia-managing-the-postboom-transition-20151002-gjzvhi.html [Accessed Feb. 2017].

Processor Comparison Essays - Instruction Set Architectures

Processor Comparison 1. Investigate the instruction set and architectural features of a modern RISC processor such as the Digital Equipment Corporation Alpha or Motorola/IBM PowerPC. In what ways does it differ from the architecture of the Intel Pentium processor family? The main difference between the architectures of Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC) Alpha and Intel's Pentium processors are the instruction sets. In this paper I intend on defining both RISC and CISC processors. In doing this I will be comparing DEC's Alpha 21164 (a microprocessor that implements the Alpha architecture) and also Intel's Pentium processors (from the Pentium-R through the Pentium II). Reduced Instruction Set Computing or RISC processing is a CPU architecture with an instruction set that eliminates some (but not all) complex instructions by pairing down and reducing them in complexity so that instructions can be performed in a single processor cycle. This is accomplished through high-level compilers that breakdown the more complex, less frequently used instructions into simpler instructions. Thus, allowing the RISC architecture to im-plement a smaller instruction set that utilizes more registers and eliminating the need for microcode. The Alpha architecture is a 64-bit load and store RISC architecture designed with particular emphasis on speed, multiple instruction issue, multiple processors, and software migration from many operating systems. (1, pg. 1-1) Most recent CPU designs are superscalar and superpipelined. Superscalar means that the architecture provides two pipelines for executing multiple instructions in parallel. Superpipelining increases the number of pipeline stages, allowing for results from either pipeline to be simultaneously used to avoid stalls thus, improving data flow by removing data dependency. The 21164 microprocessor is a superscalar pipelined processor manufactured using 0.5-micron CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-conductor) technology. (1, pg.1-3) The Alpha 21164 can issue four instructions in a single clock cycle. This combined with the low-latency and/or high-throughput features in the instruction issue unit and the on-chip components of the memory subsystem reduce the average cycl es per instruction. All data manipulation is done between registers. The registers are 64 bits in length and all instructions are 32 bits in length. Memory operations are either load or store operations. Since many early computers had extremely limited memory and processing power, complex instruction sets were developed. Complex instruction computing or CISC processing is a CPU architecture in which a large number of instructions are hardcoded into the chip. Intel's Pentium processors still adhere to this philosophy. The Pentium processor was Intel's first CPU to employ superscalar architecture. With its 3.3 million transistors it is able to execute two instructions per clock cycle resulting in twice the integer performance relative of an Intel 486 CPU running at the same frequency. Pentium also employed on-chip dual-processing support as well as an onboard interrupt controller. Next came the Pentium Pro, which introduced dynamic execution technology that pre-dicts the program flow through multiple branches. Multiple branch prediction lets the CPU pre-fetch possible next instructions rather than waiting for the outcome. This technology can actually change the order of executed instructions based on analyzed data dependencies, which in turn provides optimum execution speed. However, the Pentium Pro was only available in speeds from 150MHz to 200MHz and has only 16KB of internal cache (half as much as the MMX). In 1997 Intel introduced the Pentium MMX processor. The MMX processor added1.2 million more transistors (4.5 million total) and also SIMD technology (Single Instruction, Multiple Data). SIMD technology included 57 new instructions, 4 new data types and eight 64-bit registers. As in the original Pentium, the MMX Pentium provides both a fixed-point integer data path that allows up to two operations to be executed simultaneously, and a floating point data path that allows one operation to be performed at a time. In addition, the MMX Pentium provides a new MMX data path that allows up to two MMX operations to execute simultaneously, or up to one MMX operation and one integer operation (in the integer data path) to execute simultaneously. The inte-ger data path includes two ALUs and supports operations on 8-, 16-, and 32-bit integers. (4) The MMX processor is available in speeds from 166MHz to 333MHz. Finally the Pentium II processor combines the best features of both the Pentium Pro and Pentium MMX on one chip. Including a 64-bit dual

Nature and Biblical Reference in Annie Dillard Essay Example

Nature and Biblical Reference in Annie Dillard Essay Example Nature and Biblical Reference in Annie Dillard Paper Nature and Biblical Reference in Annie Dillard Paper The Writing by Annie Dullard Is very intriguing, she shows with no guidance from another source how people must see for themselves, so they can truly observe nature in its fullest. She often questions the very foundation of human existence. Annie Dullard also focuses on the creation and evolution and frequently questions God and his impact on the nature and human being. Cod appears a lot In her writing and Annie Dullard often shows her ambivalence toward God. I would like to focus on the relationship between God, human being and nature ND also try to explain the figure of God as Annie Dullard sees it and find a biblical reference In her writing which would be an example of Cods almightiness. Also, there is a conflict between Annie Dullards illusion of God, since her thoughts are not united in this topic and reader could get easily confused, whether she is devout or skeptical about God. In the next paragraph I would like to focus on Dullards use of the words God and god. Annie Dullard often uses the word God or god In her writing, but God does not seem to be very positive figure. Even though Annie Dullard is a religious person and he attends church, she does not blindly celebrate God. She does not understand why there Is all the suffering, when God is the all-powerful creator of the world. The answer she finds Is, that pain and suffering are something similar to a megaphone trough which God sends his emotion to ordinary people. Sometimes reader may get confused by Annie Dullards use of the words God and god. God with capital G always refers to Jewish and Christian religion. God Is always the God of the Bible and she also speaks of the God of Genesis who makes the guarantee that there will be night and day and seasons of the ye « (Dullard 90). But Annie Dullard refuses to believe that God can do everything. In her Seeing, she points out that God cannot prevent people from going blind, and as she sadly observes we do need reminding, not of what God can do, but of what he cannot do'(Dullard 61 Annie Dullard always refers to God, when written with capital G, as to him. She always mentions his cruelty and doubts the possibility of God being a female figure, because she would not allow such sorrow. God written with lower case g Is not any less Important figure. Annie Dullard refers to god or gods when she talks about natural gods or ancient Greek gods, also the very day miracles, such as a tree in the wind or bird caught by her cat. When it comes to the difference between God and god, it seems like the important difference Is In godliness. When godliness becomes overwhelming Dullard always uses term God. Unlike god or gods, God participates In the natural processes and Is a figure which could be blamed for the suffering. Next paragraph could be a description of the conflict between natural world and how ordinary person sees it and thinks of it. Annie Dullard is often compared to romantic authors of the nineteenth century. She seems to be broken apart when It comes to thoughts of the Big Bang theory and the perception of Darwinian evolution and the wo rld creation by God. Her scientific knowledge could be one of the reasons for her ambivalence toward God. As an I OFF example AT cruelty In ten world seen uses animals, winos Demeanor Is very incomprehensible to people. One of her examples is mating mantises, where the phenomenon of sexual cannibalism is very common. When mating the female mantis starts feeding herself with biting off the males head. The mating does not end and surprisingly it actually becomes even more vigorous. Annie Dullard is very interested in many kinds of zoological and botanical events and some parts of her work are related only to stories of eating. The law of nature is not the survival of the strongest individuals. Dullard thinks that it is more likely the matter of accident, luck or simply being in the right place at the right time. Annie Dullard is convinced that evolution loves death more than it loves you or me (Dullard 171). These natural events seem to be cruel only to us, human beings. At this point Annie Dullard goes back to God and suggests that he created people and gave them the specific qualities such as humanity, morals and care for reason. Her quote It is ironic that the one thing that all religions recognize as separating us from our creator our very self- consciousness is also the one thing that divides us from our fellow creatures. It was a bitter birthday present from evolution cutting us off at both ends shows how she feels the difference between human beings and animals. Many people do not really see this feature of nature, but Annie Dullard is a very good observer, who does not just watch it, but also sees it. She believes that God created natural world cruel and amoral. The disjunction between natural beauty and natural hate caused the suffering and to see this diversity one must experience it himself. Dullard advices these people who would like to experience it themselves to always keep their eyes open. According to Annie Dullard there are two kinds of seeing. One involves rolling stones away and studying the bank and the other one also involves a letting go. This kind of seeing is more likely to be a moment of intense insight and, as she says, it is guaranteed that this moment will vanish. These moments are usually created by God and the spiritual part of human being. This paragraph should explain how God appears in Annie Dullards writing in person and how he really affects what is going on around us. In Annie Dullards work Stalking there is a reference to Bible, where God talks to Moses: Moses said to God: I beseech thee, show me thy glory. And god said: Thou cannot see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live. But he added: There is a place by me, and thou shall stand upon a rock and it shall come to pass, while my glory passed by, that I will put thee in a cliff of the rock, and will cover thee, with my hand while I pass by: And I will take away mine hand, and thou shall see my back parts; but my face shall not be seen. Dullard 207) From this extract it seems as if God was omnipresent, as if he was always taking control over everything and it is only up to people how they would react and explain natural features to themselves. There are no doubts that God plays a very important role in Annie Dullards work and that she might be a little uncertain herself, if she really is ambivalent toward God. In fact, in her real life she was very unsure of her own religious views, since she was raised Presbyterian but converted to Catholicism in her early twenties. Annie Dullard claims that it really does not matter what kind of qualities your God has. But reading through her works, it is uneasy to decide, how she really feels toward him. Gods absence and Gods presence are felt simultaneously and it is very difficult to define whether she is afraid of him or she is simply aware of him. One of the poss. 0111 less AT want seen malign Is Tanat seen Is angry Witt ml, even tong she has never really expressed such an attitude in her writing. It is believed that God is an all knowing being, but no one has ever been in direct contact with him. And of course there is the question many people ask every single day: What exactly does he ant us to do, so we do not have to go through any suffering and pain? God and his powers are the reasons for human fear and when we think again about the cruel nature we really have to admit that world is not a warm and loving place. To conclude, Annie Dullard says that every kind of writing is a sort of creation. It is true about any kind of creation and every single one is meant to bring Joy. Every creation is meant to be touching and giving. Annie Dullard says that she writes to make people happy, she tries to make them see as she sees and see what she sees. God in her eyes is a mystic figure and his creation is the only one where she has doubts, whether it brought happiness and Joy. But God touching human being in any kind of sense always brings hope. He is an inscrutable figure. It is most probable to her that there is a God, but the answer to a question if he cares about his creation is probably not. Humans attitude towards God is very difficult. As Annie Dullard says it is extraordinarily difficult to be able to believe. Hope is a lot easier. One of the most famous quotes by Annie Dullard is accurate to her feelings toward God and his impact on a reader. Annie Dullard said: Eskimo: If I did not know about God and sin, would I go to hell?

The Lure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Lure - Essay Example Nowadays, casual coital relationships and pre-marital sex are widely accepted. In fact, it is a subject discussed not only among married couples but among friends, male and female alike. It is an adventure, if not a necessity that must happen for a person to find the perfect match. With this perception growing to be widely accepted, being physically attractive is not the only matter that is given attention. Since coital relationships require intimacy, fragrance should be equally important and this is the message of Gucci Guilty in its advertisement. The advertisement of the perfume, Gucci Guilty displays a nude couple and is in a physical intimate relationship. It is directed to women in particular who desire to draw and satisfy the perfect partner. With the model being beautiful and sexy, it metaphorically implies that such attributes are not enough to have a man totally captivated in her arms. The sense of smell must also be satisfied. A woman should be fragrant as well to be sexua lly appealing to the opposite sex and Gucci Guilty is the perfect perfume for such moments. The man is shown to be closing his eyes, his nose under the chin of the woman, his lips open, almost ready to kiss but not touching the neck of his lover. The neck is one of the parts of the body where perfume is applied. This suggests that the man is hooked in that area, stopping to just enjoy the smell of the woman’s perfume. The neck is also a part that is usually kissed because of where it is situated. Intimate kissing usually starts from the lips, down through the neck and, to the more intimate parts of the body. Moreover, it is one of the parts of the body that arouses sexual appetite when touched tenderly and lovingly. The man actually appears to have been mesmerized by the neck of the woman so that he was magnetized by something. That something is the scent of the woman’s perfume. This statement is not just an assumption but is proven true by what is shown in the picture . As mentioned earlier, the man is not kissing the neck of the woman, although his lips are parted, almost ready to kiss her. However, instead of him being portrayed as a very passionate lover who is ready for action, he is shown to have been magnetized, unable to resist the neck of the woman. With his face just very close to the woman without touching her neck, the photo implies that the man had to stop and sate himself with the smell of the woman. This specific reason for the man just stopping to smell the woman may not really be clearly stated in the photo but with the bottle of Gucci Guilty beside the woman, it says it all. Looking at the woman, one might wonder in relation to the statements made above, that she is not as interested about her lover as the man is of her. The man’s looks do not present any question about his physical attractiveness rather appears extremely desirable. Still the woman is not as concentrated on him as he is about her. This is because the perfu me is worn by the woman that is why it is only the man who is captivated by her. The woman’s lips are slightly curved to a smile which shows satisfaction. She appears to be happy about how her lover is so attracted to her but her smile has something else beside the satisfaction that she feels. Looking at the woman’s eyes, one can tell that there is a knowing in her. That she knows why her lover is so a

Critical Assessment and comparison of the Competitive and Essay

Critical Assessment and comparison of the Competitive and Profitabbility of UK food retail Sector and the UK Oil and Gas Sector - Essay Example Even due to the economic downturn, it is still predicted to increase by 15% over the next five years in the future (SAS, 2011). It is still considered to be an impressive figure despite the fact that it represents a slow growth. Over 9% of GDP of UK is generated by the retail industry which is the success factor of retail companies overseas. With the increase of e-commerce, the products are able to reach through millions of consumers. Hypermarkets have become competitive in offering diversified products to their wide customer base. The major players in the market, Tesco, Asda, J Sainsbury and Wm Morrison accounts for 80% of the total market share (Lloyds Bank, 2012). London is considered to be a strong market for consumer shopping and many people including tourists are inclined towards purchasing in London. It beats out other developed cities including New York, Tokyo and Paris with total spending of ?64.2 Billion (GAIN, 2010). The recessionary periods have hit the retail sector of U K which is very disastrous for the sector, but from a wider perspective, the major players in the market have not undergone major changes which might reveal that the market is running smoothly for the longer term. This also means that the big players did not change their strategies for competition and did not find a need to undergo major changes. The UK retail sector provides biggest revenues to their companies which in turn increases the GDP growth of the nation. The presence of major players indicates that the sector is strong with major assumption of future growth (GAIN, 2010). Weaknesses: The UK retail market is a mature market which is not intended to grow in volume terms. The margins and earnings from the retail sector are threadbare and mostly the earnings are coming from the online stores. As the economy suffers from recession global downturn, it has been tough going for the UK retail market. According to Verdict research, 2012 growth rate of the UK retail sector would be 1. 2% which is the third lowest growth in the history of UK retail in 49 years (SAS, 2011). It has been forecasted that the non-food items in the retail sector would decline for consecutive fourth year as it would have a decrease of -0.5% (SAS 2011). Food is an essential item in our lives, but since the recession period it has allowed people to spend more but for the same quantity. The greatest weakness is the rising food prices over the world which is affecting sales of the major companies and is resulting in slower growth. The grocery section has been badly hit by the downturn which has decreased the consumers spending and now the industry is termed to be as ‘recession-resilient’. The major price drop has resulted in the industry which has hauled Tesco to provide promotional strategies which is the biggest player in UK retail. Asda did not carry out the move to lower its price and insisted that it was the cheapest provider of consumer goods. The rivalry is intense in the sector and has accounted for low profit margins and growth (GAIN, 2010). Opportunities: Even though the margins are threadbare in UK retail sector, the big four of the retail sector, Tesco, J Sainsbury, Asda and Wm Morrison are planning to buy 4 million of retail space which is equivalent to 130 average supermarket stores (SAS, 2011). This proves that the big players consider a growth in the sector in the future which provides an opportunity to grab market shares. According to the UK economy

Christian-Only Hiring Policy Essay Example for Free

Christian-Only Hiring Policy Essay Case Study: Matthew is planning to open a manufacturing facility. He is considering a â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy whereby he would determine to hire only professing, evangelical Christians to work in the facility. He asks you for your advice on the following questions: 1. Would such a policy be legal? If so, under what terms and what might the restrictions be? 2. From a Great Commission perspective, would this policy be advisable? 3. How would your answers change, if at all, if they planned to open a Christian school rather than a manufacturing facility? Matthew is planning to open a manufacturing facility and is considering a â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy. The only way that this policy would be legal is if the manufacturing facility was considered to be a non-profit organization. A non-profit organization is an organization that uses surplus revenues to achieve its goals rather than distributing them as profit or dividends. The extent to which a non-profit organization can generate surplus revenues may be constrained or use of surplus revenues may be restricted. If this manufacturing facility was deemed to be a non-profit organization, then the organization would be exempt from the Civil Rights Act and would be able to implement their â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy without facing charges down the road of discrimination. Due to the fact that a manufacturing facility would be unable to be classified as a non-profit organization because their purpose is usually to distribute its products for profit, then my advice would be that this policy would not be advisable for Matthew to use a â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy. Using this policy would cause people to be discriminated against due to religious preference, and this is clearly illegal in the United States. If Matthew was planning to open a Christian school rather than a manufacturing facility, my answer would still be that it is illegal to discriminate in a for-profit organization. There are times when a faith-based humanitarian organization has prevailed over the lawsuits brought against them for discrimination due to religious preference, however, I do not advise toying with the gray area of the laws. I would advise Matthew that if he intends to open his manufacturing facility, it is not legal and not advisable to implement his â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy.